PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 Questions with
100% Correct Answers
Pathophysiology Correct Answer: the study of changes in the body's physiology
that result from disorder or disease
Pathogenesis Correct Answer: the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations Correct Answer: the presence or absence of disease
often marked by signs and symptoms
Diagnosis Correct Answer: identifying the type of illness or problem by
examination of the symptoms
Etiology Correct Answer: the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic Correct Answer: unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic Correct Answer: disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology Correct Answer: study of the distribution and determinants of
health-related or events in a population
Incidence Correct Answer: rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of
time (1 in 3 may catch a disease)
Prevalence Correct Answer: the number of people in a population who have
the disease or condition over a specific time period
,Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic Correct Answer: the expected or normal incidence to a population or
geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic Correct Answer: dramatic increase in a condition to a large number
of people at the same time in a geographical area
Pandemic Correct Answer: high numbers of a disease in various regions/across
continents
Morbidity Correct Answer: disease rates within a group
Mortality Correct Answer: deaths that result from a particular disease in a
population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury Correct Answer: most common cause of cellular injury resulting in
Ischemia (reduced blood supply
Homeostasis Correct Answer: the body's ability to regulate and maintain health
and equilibrium in its functions
,How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? Correct Answer: a small change
to the internal body throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness
and diseases
Prognosis Correct Answer: probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign Correct Answer: a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention Correct Answer: altering behaviours to prevent a
disease from occurring
Ex: vaccination
Secondary Disease Prevention Correct Answer: performing early detection to
prevent a disease from occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications Correct Answer: the development of a disease in a person
already coping with an existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae Correct Answer: unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
, Eight Chief Cellular Function Correct Answer: 1. Movement - muscle to bone
causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
Four Ways Cells Adapt to Environment Correct Answer: 1. Atrophy - decrease in
cellular size and functional components (aging, early development)
2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular
division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain
organs to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs
(breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type (ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
100% Correct Answers
Pathophysiology Correct Answer: the study of changes in the body's physiology
that result from disorder or disease
Pathogenesis Correct Answer: the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations Correct Answer: the presence or absence of disease
often marked by signs and symptoms
Diagnosis Correct Answer: identifying the type of illness or problem by
examination of the symptoms
Etiology Correct Answer: the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic Correct Answer: unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic Correct Answer: disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology Correct Answer: study of the distribution and determinants of
health-related or events in a population
Incidence Correct Answer: rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of
time (1 in 3 may catch a disease)
Prevalence Correct Answer: the number of people in a population who have
the disease or condition over a specific time period
,Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic Correct Answer: the expected or normal incidence to a population or
geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
Epidemic Correct Answer: dramatic increase in a condition to a large number
of people at the same time in a geographical area
Pandemic Correct Answer: high numbers of a disease in various regions/across
continents
Morbidity Correct Answer: disease rates within a group
Mortality Correct Answer: deaths that result from a particular disease in a
population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury Correct Answer: most common cause of cellular injury resulting in
Ischemia (reduced blood supply
Homeostasis Correct Answer: the body's ability to regulate and maintain health
and equilibrium in its functions
,How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? Correct Answer: a small change
to the internal body throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness
and diseases
Prognosis Correct Answer: probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign Correct Answer: a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention Correct Answer: altering behaviours to prevent a
disease from occurring
Ex: vaccination
Secondary Disease Prevention Correct Answer: performing early detection to
prevent a disease from occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications Correct Answer: the development of a disease in a person
already coping with an existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae Correct Answer: unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
, Eight Chief Cellular Function Correct Answer: 1. Movement - muscle to bone
causes movement
2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli
3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients
4. Secretion - mucus
5. Excretion - getting rid of waste
6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients
7. Reproduction - tissue growth
8. Communication
Four Ways Cells Adapt to Environment Correct Answer: 1. Atrophy - decrease in
cellular size and functional components (aging, early development)
2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli
3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular
division
- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain
organs to regenerate
- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs
(breasts/uterus)
4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type (ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)
