nr 224 final exam review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is the quickest route to absorb Intravenous IV injection produces the most rapid absorption because medications
medication are available immediately when they enter the systemic circulation.
Route of administration
ability of a medication to dissolve
identify factors that influence drug
blood flow to the site of administration
absorption
body surface area
lipid solubility.
, occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, break down and remove
Biotransformation
biologically active chemicals.
Detoxify break down, and remove biologically active chemicals
after a medication reaches its site of action it becomes metabolized into a less active
Role of metabloism
or inactive form that is easier to excrete.
is the expected or predicted physiological response caused by a medication
Therapeutic effect some medications have more then one therapeutic effect.
ex: steroid decreases swelling, inhibits inflammation, reduces allergic responses.
adverse effects undesired, unintended and often unpredictable responses to medication.
is a predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect produced at a usual
side effect
therapeutic dose.
Develop after prolonged intake of medication or when a medication accumulates in
toxic effects
the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion.
in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction
idiosyncratic reaction
different from normal.
Allergic reactions are documented appropriately in the patients medical record.
life threatening are characterized by sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles,
anaphylactic reactions edema of the pharynx/larynx and severe wheezing/ shortness of breath. immediate
medical attention is required to treat this.
rash
urticaria (hives)
symptoms of mild allergic reactions pruritus (itching of skin; with rash
rhinitis (inflammation of mucous membranes lining nose, causes swelling and clear
watery discharge
occurs when one medication modifies the action of another
common when pts take several medications.
Medication interaction
Some meds increase or diminish the action of others or alter the way another
medication is absorbed, metabolized, or eliminated from the body
when two medications are combined and have a greater effect than the effect of the
Synergistic effect
medications when given separately.
occurs over time. happens when pts receive more and more medication at a higher
medication tolerance
doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect.
two types
physical: is a physiological adaptation to a medication that manifests w/intense
medication dependence
physical disturbance when medication is withdrawn.
psychological pt desires the medication for benefit other than the intended effect
is the plasma level of a medication below which the effect of the medication does
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
not occur.
therapeutic range falls between the MEC and the toxic concentration
Peak (concentration the highest level
Trough (concentration lowest level of a drug
all medications have, is the time it takes for excretion processes to lower the
Biological half life
medication concentration by half.
Answers
What is the quickest route to absorb Intravenous IV injection produces the most rapid absorption because medications
medication are available immediately when they enter the systemic circulation.
Route of administration
ability of a medication to dissolve
identify factors that influence drug
blood flow to the site of administration
absorption
body surface area
lipid solubility.
, occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, break down and remove
Biotransformation
biologically active chemicals.
Detoxify break down, and remove biologically active chemicals
after a medication reaches its site of action it becomes metabolized into a less active
Role of metabloism
or inactive form that is easier to excrete.
is the expected or predicted physiological response caused by a medication
Therapeutic effect some medications have more then one therapeutic effect.
ex: steroid decreases swelling, inhibits inflammation, reduces allergic responses.
adverse effects undesired, unintended and often unpredictable responses to medication.
is a predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect produced at a usual
side effect
therapeutic dose.
Develop after prolonged intake of medication or when a medication accumulates in
toxic effects
the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion.
in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction
idiosyncratic reaction
different from normal.
Allergic reactions are documented appropriately in the patients medical record.
life threatening are characterized by sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles,
anaphylactic reactions edema of the pharynx/larynx and severe wheezing/ shortness of breath. immediate
medical attention is required to treat this.
rash
urticaria (hives)
symptoms of mild allergic reactions pruritus (itching of skin; with rash
rhinitis (inflammation of mucous membranes lining nose, causes swelling and clear
watery discharge
occurs when one medication modifies the action of another
common when pts take several medications.
Medication interaction
Some meds increase or diminish the action of others or alter the way another
medication is absorbed, metabolized, or eliminated from the body
when two medications are combined and have a greater effect than the effect of the
Synergistic effect
medications when given separately.
occurs over time. happens when pts receive more and more medication at a higher
medication tolerance
doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect.
two types
physical: is a physiological adaptation to a medication that manifests w/intense
medication dependence
physical disturbance when medication is withdrawn.
psychological pt desires the medication for benefit other than the intended effect
is the plasma level of a medication below which the effect of the medication does
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
not occur.
therapeutic range falls between the MEC and the toxic concentration
Peak (concentration the highest level
Trough (concentration lowest level of a drug
all medications have, is the time it takes for excretion processes to lower the
Biological half life
medication concentration by half.
