MSU BS 161 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

MSU BS 161 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers




Comparative strengths of Covalent>ionic>hydrogen>hydrophobic clustering>LDFs
bonds/forces in aqueous
environments

What are the most O>N>C=H
electronegative atoms?

-Valence electrons are shared equally between two atoms
-Atoms in bond do not have permanent partial charges
Nonpolar covalent bond
-Strong bond in aqueous solutions
-Examples: C-C and C-H bonds

, -Valence electrons are unequally shared between two atoms
-Atoms in bond have permanent partial charges
Polar covalent bond
-Strong bond in aqueous solutions
-Example: O-H bond

-Interaction between atoms with full, opposite charges
Ionic (ion-ion) interaction) -Weak bond in aqueous solutions
-Example: NaCl

-Interaction between a fully charged atom and an atom with an
Ion-dipole interaction opposite partial charge
-Weak bond in aqueous solutions

-Interaction between a hydrogen with a permanent partial
positive charge and a more electronegative atom with a
Hydrogen bond
permanent partial negative charge
-Weak bond in aqueous solutions

-The tendency of hydrophobic molecules to group together in
Hydrophobic clustering the presence of water
-Very weak bond in aqueous solutions

-Interaction between atoms that have temporary opposite
LDFs charges
-Very weak bond in aqueous solutions

-OH
Hydroxyl
-Polar uncharged

-CO
Carbonyl
-Polar uncharged

-COO- or COOH
Carboxyl
-Negatively charged

-NH, NH2, +NH3
Amino
-Polar, positively charged

-C(=O)NH, CONH2
Amide
-Polar uncharged

-SH
Sulfhydryl
-Polar uncharged

-OPO3(2-)
Phosphate
-Polar charged

-CH3
Methyl
-Nonpolar

What types of molecules are Polar covalent molecules
hydrophilic?

What types of molecules are Nonpolar molecules
hydrophobic?

-A measurement of the concentration of protons in a solution
pH -High proton concentration means more acidic (lower numbers)
-Low proton concentration means more basic (higher numbers)