BS 161 Final MSU UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Archaeal Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - kingdom of prokaryotes (simple cells that do not
have nuclei)
Bacterial Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - prokaryotic
Primary purpose of science - CORRECT ANSWER - improve life, validate knowledge so
it can be deemed valid
Plant Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in nucleus, has membrane bound organelles,
cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole, ribosomes, rRNA type 18s
Animal Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in nucleus, membrane bound organelles, has
ribosomes and central vacuole, no cells wall or chloroplast
Prokaryotic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in nucleoid, no membrane bound
organelles, has cell wall, has ribosomes, 16s rRna
Fact - CORRECT ANSWER - observation
Law - CORRECT ANSWER - description, typically using math, that explains the behavior
of a system, but not why it behaves in this way
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - a well-sustained explanation of facts that describes how
something happens
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a question or prediction that can be tested by
experiment, in such a way that the hypothesis can be disproven
,4 major elements that make up 96% of living things - CORRECT ANSWER - carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Isotopes - CORRECT ANSWER - different number of neutrons, same properties but used
to track molecules because of radioactivity
Covalent Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - When a pair of valence electrons is shared.
Can be either polar or nonpolar, dependent on the relative electronegativity of the contained
atoms. If the difference between both electronegativities is high, the bond is considered polar. If
not, the bond is nonpolar. The most important to remember is that C—H is nonpolar.
Ionic Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - Attraction between completely opposite charges
(when the electron completely dissociates from one atom to the other, no sharing allowed).
Hydrogen Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - Basically, the hydrogen is bonded to something
that's way more electronegative than it (polar bond) and it gets robbed of all the electrons, except
it's not an ionic bond since sometimes it still gets to use those electrons. (It's an attraction
between partial charges) (its not a bond it's an interaction. The hydrogen will have a partial
positive charge which allows it to interact with partially negative atoms such as an oxygen or
nitrogen bonded to a hydrogen.)
Only happens between H and N, F, O, S, etc.
Hydrophobic Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Interaction between nonpolar (not
hydrogen bondable, eg. C—H) and polar (hydrogen bondable, eg. H—O) stuff. The nonpolar
substance tends to stick to each other in the presence of the polar substance
Van Der Waals Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Essentially a weak version of a
hydrogen bond.
The major difference is that the dipole-dipole interaction does not need to take place with
hydrogen.
, Hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWER - doesn't interact with water
Hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWER - interacts with water
Solute - CORRECT ANSWER - thing getting dissolved
solvent - CORRECT ANSWER - thing that has has stuff dissolved in it
solution - CORRECT ANSWER - solute plus solvent
Discuss the emergent properties of water that result from hydrogen bonding - CORRECT
ANSWER - cohesion, adhesion, surface tension
water moderates temperature
ice floats
water is an important solute for life
acid - CORRECT ANSWER - proton donor or electron pair receiver, pH below 7
base - CORRECT ANSWER - proton acceptor or electron pair donor pH above 7
pH - CORRECT ANSWER - the measure of H+ ions there's also the inverse which is pOH
which measures the OH- ions
Explain how carbon's electron configuration explains its ability to form large, complex, diverse
organic molecule - CORRECT ANSWER - it has four valence electrons and can bond with
four other atoms at a time.
Describe how carbon skeletons may vary and how this contributes to the diversity of carbon -
CORRECT ANSWER - Length
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Archaeal Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - kingdom of prokaryotes (simple cells that do not
have nuclei)
Bacterial Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - prokaryotic
Primary purpose of science - CORRECT ANSWER - improve life, validate knowledge so
it can be deemed valid
Plant Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in nucleus, has membrane bound organelles,
cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole, ribosomes, rRNA type 18s
Animal Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in nucleus, membrane bound organelles, has
ribosomes and central vacuole, no cells wall or chloroplast
Prokaryotic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - DNA in nucleoid, no membrane bound
organelles, has cell wall, has ribosomes, 16s rRna
Fact - CORRECT ANSWER - observation
Law - CORRECT ANSWER - description, typically using math, that explains the behavior
of a system, but not why it behaves in this way
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - a well-sustained explanation of facts that describes how
something happens
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a question or prediction that can be tested by
experiment, in such a way that the hypothesis can be disproven
,4 major elements that make up 96% of living things - CORRECT ANSWER - carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Isotopes - CORRECT ANSWER - different number of neutrons, same properties but used
to track molecules because of radioactivity
Covalent Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - When a pair of valence electrons is shared.
Can be either polar or nonpolar, dependent on the relative electronegativity of the contained
atoms. If the difference between both electronegativities is high, the bond is considered polar. If
not, the bond is nonpolar. The most important to remember is that C—H is nonpolar.
Ionic Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - Attraction between completely opposite charges
(when the electron completely dissociates from one atom to the other, no sharing allowed).
Hydrogen Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - Basically, the hydrogen is bonded to something
that's way more electronegative than it (polar bond) and it gets robbed of all the electrons, except
it's not an ionic bond since sometimes it still gets to use those electrons. (It's an attraction
between partial charges) (its not a bond it's an interaction. The hydrogen will have a partial
positive charge which allows it to interact with partially negative atoms such as an oxygen or
nitrogen bonded to a hydrogen.)
Only happens between H and N, F, O, S, etc.
Hydrophobic Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Interaction between nonpolar (not
hydrogen bondable, eg. C—H) and polar (hydrogen bondable, eg. H—O) stuff. The nonpolar
substance tends to stick to each other in the presence of the polar substance
Van Der Waals Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER - Essentially a weak version of a
hydrogen bond.
The major difference is that the dipole-dipole interaction does not need to take place with
hydrogen.
, Hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWER - doesn't interact with water
Hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWER - interacts with water
Solute - CORRECT ANSWER - thing getting dissolved
solvent - CORRECT ANSWER - thing that has has stuff dissolved in it
solution - CORRECT ANSWER - solute plus solvent
Discuss the emergent properties of water that result from hydrogen bonding - CORRECT
ANSWER - cohesion, adhesion, surface tension
water moderates temperature
ice floats
water is an important solute for life
acid - CORRECT ANSWER - proton donor or electron pair receiver, pH below 7
base - CORRECT ANSWER - proton acceptor or electron pair donor pH above 7
pH - CORRECT ANSWER - the measure of H+ ions there's also the inverse which is pOH
which measures the OH- ions
Explain how carbon's electron configuration explains its ability to form large, complex, diverse
organic molecule - CORRECT ANSWER - it has four valence electrons and can bond with
four other atoms at a time.
Describe how carbon skeletons may vary and how this contributes to the diversity of carbon -
CORRECT ANSWER - Length
