BIO 270 LECTURE EXAM 2 JMU
HYND
three types of skeletal muscle fibers - ANSWERS-slow oxidative, fast
oxidative, fast glycolytic (based on exercise done, slow vs. fast twitch
muscles)
muscle hypertrophy - ANSWERS-increased muscle size because of
regular high-intensity training
muscle atrophy - ANSWERS-decrease in muscle if not used
disuse atrophy - ANSWERS-muscle not used because in a cast or
brace
denervation atrophy - ANSWERS-damage to nerve innervating that
muscle
age-related atrophy - ANSWERS-naturally with age
calmodium - ANSWERS-equivalent to troponin in smooth muscle
cells- block the actions of contractile filaments until ready
smooth muscle fiber arangment - ANSWERS-diamond diagonal
,multiunit smooth muscle - ANSWERS-different units function
independently, stimulated by autonomic nerves, located in blood
vessels and in the eye
single unit smooth muscle - ANSWERS-visceral, fibers work
together. Self-excitable, use gap junctions to spread signals, line
hollow organs of digestive, reproductive, and urinary tract
myogenic - ANSWERS-self-excitable muscle, pacemaker.
Depolarizes, AP, and repolarizes on its own
circulatory system - ANSWERS-heart, blood vessels, blood
pulmonary pathway - ANSWERS-heart to lungs to heart, closed
circuit
systemic pathway - ANSWERS-heart to tissues to heart
veins - ANSWERS-bring blood to the heart, deoxygenated (except
pulmonary)
arteries - ANSWERS-take blood away from the heart, oxygenated
(except pulmonary)
septum - ANSWERS-divide internal heart in half
, atrioventricular valve - ANSWERS-prevent back flow into atrium.
right= tricuspid, left= bicuspid
semi-lunar valves - ANSWERS-prevent backflow into emptied
ventricles
mitral (bicuspid) valve prolapse - ANSWERS-cusp of valve falls into
atrium, artificially replaced.
cardiac muscle cells - ANSWERS-intercalated discs, linked by
desmosomes (anchor non-touching cells to each other) and gap
junctions so electric current can pass through
autorhythmicity - ANSWERS-heart initiates its own AP
autorhythmic cells - ANSWERS-specialized for initiating AP,
pacemaker potential, 1% of all cardiac cells, most important
contractile heart cells - ANSWERS-99% of cells, mechanical work of
contracting
sinoatrial node - ANSWERS-autorhythmic cells located on right atrial
wall near SVC entrance
atrioventricular node - ANSWERS-autorhythmic cells located on base
of right atrium near septum
HYND
three types of skeletal muscle fibers - ANSWERS-slow oxidative, fast
oxidative, fast glycolytic (based on exercise done, slow vs. fast twitch
muscles)
muscle hypertrophy - ANSWERS-increased muscle size because of
regular high-intensity training
muscle atrophy - ANSWERS-decrease in muscle if not used
disuse atrophy - ANSWERS-muscle not used because in a cast or
brace
denervation atrophy - ANSWERS-damage to nerve innervating that
muscle
age-related atrophy - ANSWERS-naturally with age
calmodium - ANSWERS-equivalent to troponin in smooth muscle
cells- block the actions of contractile filaments until ready
smooth muscle fiber arangment - ANSWERS-diamond diagonal
,multiunit smooth muscle - ANSWERS-different units function
independently, stimulated by autonomic nerves, located in blood
vessels and in the eye
single unit smooth muscle - ANSWERS-visceral, fibers work
together. Self-excitable, use gap junctions to spread signals, line
hollow organs of digestive, reproductive, and urinary tract
myogenic - ANSWERS-self-excitable muscle, pacemaker.
Depolarizes, AP, and repolarizes on its own
circulatory system - ANSWERS-heart, blood vessels, blood
pulmonary pathway - ANSWERS-heart to lungs to heart, closed
circuit
systemic pathway - ANSWERS-heart to tissues to heart
veins - ANSWERS-bring blood to the heart, deoxygenated (except
pulmonary)
arteries - ANSWERS-take blood away from the heart, oxygenated
(except pulmonary)
septum - ANSWERS-divide internal heart in half
, atrioventricular valve - ANSWERS-prevent back flow into atrium.
right= tricuspid, left= bicuspid
semi-lunar valves - ANSWERS-prevent backflow into emptied
ventricles
mitral (bicuspid) valve prolapse - ANSWERS-cusp of valve falls into
atrium, artificially replaced.
cardiac muscle cells - ANSWERS-intercalated discs, linked by
desmosomes (anchor non-touching cells to each other) and gap
junctions so electric current can pass through
autorhythmicity - ANSWERS-heart initiates its own AP
autorhythmic cells - ANSWERS-specialized for initiating AP,
pacemaker potential, 1% of all cardiac cells, most important
contractile heart cells - ANSWERS-99% of cells, mechanical work of
contracting
sinoatrial node - ANSWERS-autorhythmic cells located on right atrial
wall near SVC entrance
atrioventricular node - ANSWERS-autorhythmic cells located on base
of right atrium near septum
