Airman Leadership School, Set A (2025)
comprehensive questions and verified
answers ( detailed & elaborated)
Culture is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped
📌📌
by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial,
informational, technological, material, energy, warfare, and human). - -
Culture
📌📌
The most powerful or the most widely practiced cultures in a particular society,
whether the society is a region or an entire country. - - Macro-cultures
Also called "subcultures." They are described as a group of people living within a
📌📌
larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are
different from the macro-culture or the rest of society - - Micro-cultures
📌📌
All the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated. Therefore, things
such as change in one area will affect change in another area - - Holism
📌📌
A cognitive "shortcut" that helps us organize and interpret the vast amount of
information that exists in our environment. - - Schema
When we first enter a new culture, we see only those behaviors and symbols that
📌📌
are apparent. Things like a culture's style of dress, music, games, dance, food,
toys, etc. are easily seen when entering a new culture. - - Iceberg theory of
culture
Some examples of behaviors, core beliefs, and values that are often "hidden"
under the surface include: Ideals of governing, child raising, concept of justice,
incentives to work, theory of disease, nature of friendship, patterns of group
📌📌
decision making, definitions of sin, courtship practices, and approaches to
problem solving - - According to the iceberg theroy. What is below the
surface?
Worldview - 📌📌 - The sum of beliefs and values that people use to define and
interpret the world, and their place within it
Cross-Cultural Competence (3C) - 📌📌 - The "ability to quickly and accurately
comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to
achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a
particular group, region, or language.
,The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a
📌📌
culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily
having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language. - - Culture
General
Emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of
📌📌
the knowledge and/or skills necessary to interact more competently with
individuals of other cultural backgrounds." - - Culture Specific
📌📌
To develop Airmen who can operate effectively in culturally complex
environments - - What is the purpose of culture-general learning in the Air
Force?
Knowledge, motivation (positive attitude), and learning approaches. - 📌📌 -
What are the three inter-related enabling factors involved with the 3C model?
The basis for all cross-cultural learning, including culture-specific, and begins
📌📌
with an understanding of basic concepts of a culture (kinship, gender roles, types
of exchanges or communication norms, etc.). - - Culture-general knowledge
📌📌
The human tendency to negatively judge others (cultures, behaviors, values)
against our own values and beliefs - - Ethnocentrism
Relativism (as an attitude) -📌📌 - The conviction that the beliefs and practices
of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are
found.
Relativism (as a behavior) - 📌📌 - Temporarily suspending one's own culturally
informed opinion and thinking about how others might interpret or value a
situation.
• Communicate to avoid misunderstandings;
📌📌
• Negotiate to overcome differences and resolve conflicts; and
• Relate with individuals from other cultures to work effectively - - What are
three specific skills that emerge as key to successful cross-cultural interactions
are
📌📌
A cognitive process by which an individual is able to identify the thoughts and/or
feelings of another culture. - - Cultural Perspective Taking
- Needs and values of individuals/groups from another culture
- Local norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors
- How people from another culture will respond to one's own actions/comments
- The importance of norms for interaction
- How violating cultural norms can negatively impact interactions
, 📌📌
A fixed or distorted generalization about all members of a particular group that
share a particular diversity. - - Stereotypes
Prejudice - 📌📌 - The creation of an adverse or unreasonable opinion about a
person or group without gathering all the facts and is usually based on deeply
held beliefs.
Discrimination - 📌📌 - The visible act or consideration to act in favor of or
against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that
person/thing belongs, rather than on individual merit.
Observe, Orient, Decide, Act - 📌📌- The OODA Loop
📌📌
Focused attention on your environment and gathering information through all five
senses. - - Observe
📌📌
Make sense of what we are observing by categorizing (organizing) the data in a
practical way that is useful to us. - - Orient
📌📌
Consider all the courses of action developed and choose one to move forward
with based on our options and understanding of the situation - - Decide
📌📌
Review what you have decided to do, take action, and then reflect on how you
executed your decision. - - Act
📌📌
The knowledge, motivation, and skills to interact effectively and appropriately with
members of different cultures - - Cross-Cultural Communication
📌📌
A speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language.
- - Linguistic Competence
📌📌
Understanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture -
- Communication Competence
Communication skills - 📌📌 - What is the most important factor for a person to
be effective in a foreign culture.
Deliberate and motivated self presentation - 📌📌- Impression Management
Projection and Attribution - 📌📌- What are the two parts to Impression
Management
Projection - 📌📌- The image we want others to have of us
comprehensive questions and verified
answers ( detailed & elaborated)
Culture is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped
📌📌
by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial,
informational, technological, material, energy, warfare, and human). - -
Culture
📌📌
The most powerful or the most widely practiced cultures in a particular society,
whether the society is a region or an entire country. - - Macro-cultures
Also called "subcultures." They are described as a group of people living within a
📌📌
larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are
different from the macro-culture or the rest of society - - Micro-cultures
📌📌
All the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated. Therefore, things
such as change in one area will affect change in another area - - Holism
📌📌
A cognitive "shortcut" that helps us organize and interpret the vast amount of
information that exists in our environment. - - Schema
When we first enter a new culture, we see only those behaviors and symbols that
📌📌
are apparent. Things like a culture's style of dress, music, games, dance, food,
toys, etc. are easily seen when entering a new culture. - - Iceberg theory of
culture
Some examples of behaviors, core beliefs, and values that are often "hidden"
under the surface include: Ideals of governing, child raising, concept of justice,
incentives to work, theory of disease, nature of friendship, patterns of group
📌📌
decision making, definitions of sin, courtship practices, and approaches to
problem solving - - According to the iceberg theroy. What is below the
surface?
Worldview - 📌📌 - The sum of beliefs and values that people use to define and
interpret the world, and their place within it
Cross-Cultural Competence (3C) - 📌📌 - The "ability to quickly and accurately
comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to
achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a
particular group, region, or language.
,The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a
📌📌
culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily
having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language. - - Culture
General
Emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of
📌📌
the knowledge and/or skills necessary to interact more competently with
individuals of other cultural backgrounds." - - Culture Specific
📌📌
To develop Airmen who can operate effectively in culturally complex
environments - - What is the purpose of culture-general learning in the Air
Force?
Knowledge, motivation (positive attitude), and learning approaches. - 📌📌 -
What are the three inter-related enabling factors involved with the 3C model?
The basis for all cross-cultural learning, including culture-specific, and begins
📌📌
with an understanding of basic concepts of a culture (kinship, gender roles, types
of exchanges or communication norms, etc.). - - Culture-general knowledge
📌📌
The human tendency to negatively judge others (cultures, behaviors, values)
against our own values and beliefs - - Ethnocentrism
Relativism (as an attitude) -📌📌 - The conviction that the beliefs and practices
of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are
found.
Relativism (as a behavior) - 📌📌 - Temporarily suspending one's own culturally
informed opinion and thinking about how others might interpret or value a
situation.
• Communicate to avoid misunderstandings;
📌📌
• Negotiate to overcome differences and resolve conflicts; and
• Relate with individuals from other cultures to work effectively - - What are
three specific skills that emerge as key to successful cross-cultural interactions
are
📌📌
A cognitive process by which an individual is able to identify the thoughts and/or
feelings of another culture. - - Cultural Perspective Taking
- Needs and values of individuals/groups from another culture
- Local norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors
- How people from another culture will respond to one's own actions/comments
- The importance of norms for interaction
- How violating cultural norms can negatively impact interactions
, 📌📌
A fixed or distorted generalization about all members of a particular group that
share a particular diversity. - - Stereotypes
Prejudice - 📌📌 - The creation of an adverse or unreasonable opinion about a
person or group without gathering all the facts and is usually based on deeply
held beliefs.
Discrimination - 📌📌 - The visible act or consideration to act in favor of or
against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that
person/thing belongs, rather than on individual merit.
Observe, Orient, Decide, Act - 📌📌- The OODA Loop
📌📌
Focused attention on your environment and gathering information through all five
senses. - - Observe
📌📌
Make sense of what we are observing by categorizing (organizing) the data in a
practical way that is useful to us. - - Orient
📌📌
Consider all the courses of action developed and choose one to move forward
with based on our options and understanding of the situation - - Decide
📌📌
Review what you have decided to do, take action, and then reflect on how you
executed your decision. - - Act
📌📌
The knowledge, motivation, and skills to interact effectively and appropriately with
members of different cultures - - Cross-Cultural Communication
📌📌
A speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language.
- - Linguistic Competence
📌📌
Understanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture -
- Communication Competence
Communication skills - 📌📌 - What is the most important factor for a person to
be effective in a foreign culture.
Deliberate and motivated self presentation - 📌📌- Impression Management
Projection and Attribution - 📌📌- What are the two parts to Impression
Management
Projection - 📌📌- The image we want others to have of us
