🦠🔬🧫Antimicrobial therapy👩🏻🔬🧪💊
🧪 Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics Used to prevent infection in:
Surgery (GI, heart, ortho, gyn)
Sexual exposure to STIs
Prosthetic valves (before dental work)
Recurrent UTIs
🛡️
Prevention Strategies
Hand hygiene
Standard + transmission precautions
Remove unnecessary invasive devices
Encourage full course of meds
Vaccinations
Evaluate treatment (e.g., check post-culture to confirm they are negative for microorganism, symptom resolution
clear breath sound and resolution of fever)
, Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides
Bacteriostatic: tetracycline Bactericidal: Gentamicin
How it works: How it works
Inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting tRNA from Kill the bacteria by inhibit the tRNA from properly binding to
binding with mRNA so that amino acids cannot be mRNA and cause misreading of genetic code cause
added to peptide chain synthesis of nonfunctional proteins cause leaky cell wall
Use: and eventually cause death.
First-choice antibiotic for: Use:
o Chlamydia and mycoplasma infections Narrow-spectrum antibiotics that treat gram-negative
o Rickettsial infection (typhus or rocky mountain infections, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
spotted fever) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
o Pt with syphilis and gram-negative infection but Treat gram-positive skin infections in combination with
allergic to penicillin another antibiotic
o Gram-positive infections (tetanus, cholera, Treat eye/skin infections
anthrax) Routes and forms:
Treat acne vulgaris (topical and oral forms) Ophthalmic drops:
Routes and forms: o gently press at the inner canthus for 1-2 min after instilling
Topical forms tetracycline treat acne vulgaris and drops prevent systemic absorption
IM and IV forms when pt cannot tolerate the oral o Shut their eyes for 1-2 min to maximize local absorption
form Topical cream don’t apply to large skin areas reduce risk
Liquid form shake well before measuring the of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
dose in the medication cup IM inject deep into a large muscle
Administration: IV intermittent infusion, consider correct rate and dilution
Best absorbed in empty stomach give 1hr before Intrathecally (into the spinal canal), use a preservative-free
or 2hr after meals and avoid giving right before form and throw away portions you do not use.
bedtime Administration
Don’t give tetracycline with calcium-containing Before give, have pt drink a lot of water to stay hydrated
foods if taking it with foods. Limited the treatment to no more than 10 days to prevent
Doxycycline is safe with calcium-containing food adverse effects
and pt with renal failure Do NOT give if:
Do NOT give if: o h/x of allergic to aminoglycoside
o Pregnant, infant, children under 8 o pt with tinnitus or vertigo
o Allergic to tetracyclines and those undergoing o pt with renal or chronic neuromuscular disorders
exposure to UV light o Pregnant
🧪 Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics Used to prevent infection in:
Surgery (GI, heart, ortho, gyn)
Sexual exposure to STIs
Prosthetic valves (before dental work)
Recurrent UTIs
🛡️
Prevention Strategies
Hand hygiene
Standard + transmission precautions
Remove unnecessary invasive devices
Encourage full course of meds
Vaccinations
Evaluate treatment (e.g., check post-culture to confirm they are negative for microorganism, symptom resolution
clear breath sound and resolution of fever)
, Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides
Bacteriostatic: tetracycline Bactericidal: Gentamicin
How it works: How it works
Inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting tRNA from Kill the bacteria by inhibit the tRNA from properly binding to
binding with mRNA so that amino acids cannot be mRNA and cause misreading of genetic code cause
added to peptide chain synthesis of nonfunctional proteins cause leaky cell wall
Use: and eventually cause death.
First-choice antibiotic for: Use:
o Chlamydia and mycoplasma infections Narrow-spectrum antibiotics that treat gram-negative
o Rickettsial infection (typhus or rocky mountain infections, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
spotted fever) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
o Pt with syphilis and gram-negative infection but Treat gram-positive skin infections in combination with
allergic to penicillin another antibiotic
o Gram-positive infections (tetanus, cholera, Treat eye/skin infections
anthrax) Routes and forms:
Treat acne vulgaris (topical and oral forms) Ophthalmic drops:
Routes and forms: o gently press at the inner canthus for 1-2 min after instilling
Topical forms tetracycline treat acne vulgaris and drops prevent systemic absorption
IM and IV forms when pt cannot tolerate the oral o Shut their eyes for 1-2 min to maximize local absorption
form Topical cream don’t apply to large skin areas reduce risk
Liquid form shake well before measuring the of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
dose in the medication cup IM inject deep into a large muscle
Administration: IV intermittent infusion, consider correct rate and dilution
Best absorbed in empty stomach give 1hr before Intrathecally (into the spinal canal), use a preservative-free
or 2hr after meals and avoid giving right before form and throw away portions you do not use.
bedtime Administration
Don’t give tetracycline with calcium-containing Before give, have pt drink a lot of water to stay hydrated
foods if taking it with foods. Limited the treatment to no more than 10 days to prevent
Doxycycline is safe with calcium-containing food adverse effects
and pt with renal failure Do NOT give if:
Do NOT give if: o h/x of allergic to aminoglycoside
o Pregnant, infant, children under 8 o pt with tinnitus or vertigo
o Allergic to tetracyclines and those undergoing o pt with renal or chronic neuromuscular disorders
exposure to UV light o Pregnant
