BS 161 FINAL EXAM UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
what makes the molecule structure of RNA and DNA different? - CORRECT ANSWER -
RNA contains an OH
DNA contains an H
phosphodiester linkage - CORRECT ANSWER - bond between nucleotides in nucleotide
chain to form polynucleotide/ sugar phosphate backbone
how do phosphodiester bonds attach? - CORRECT ANSWER - from the 5' to 3'
what direction does DNA code? - CORRECT ANSWER - 5' ---> 3'
What are nitrogenous bases? - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,
Cytosine, Uracil
2 types of nitrogenous bases - CORRECT ANSWER - purines and pyrimidines
What are purines? - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine and Guanine
What are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER - cytosine, thymine, uracil
What pyrimidine base is found • Only in RNA?
Only in DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER - Uracil
Thymine
,What pyrimidine base is in both RNA & DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cytosine
How do the nitrogenous bases bond to each other? - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrogen
bonds that are anti parallel
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - [A]=[T] and [C]=[G]; in DNA, the amount of
adenine and thymine found are equal and the amount of cytosine and guanine are equal (1:1
ratio)
Franklin and Wilkins (1952) - CORRECT ANSWER - -determined DNA was helical via
X-ray diffraction studies
-DNA is 2nm and there is a turn of the helix every 3.4nm
Watson and Crick (1953) - CORRECT ANSWER - -determined double helix structure of
DNA
-2 sugar-phosphate backbones
-complementary base pairing
-nucleotide strands=anti parallel
Meselson and Stahl (1958) - CORRECT ANSWER - -15N-labeled E. coli grown in
medium containing 14N
-Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one newly synthesized strand
-came up w/ three theories
-evidence proved DNA is semiconservative in prokaryotes
3 hypotheses of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - conservative,
semiconservative, dispersive
conservative hypothesis of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - strand opens up,
each strand is a template strand and copies itself, the two new strands attach and two original
strands come back together
, semiconservative hypothesis of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - strand splits,
each makes its own copy and attaches to its copy (parent & daughter strands)
dispersive hypothesis of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - strands open up and
DNA fragments, new little copies are made in the fragments; new DNA are hybrids of the DNA
of the parent strands, patch work cut up
DNA together
how long did it take in Meselson and Stahl's experiment for DNA to replicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - every 20 mins
Meselson and Stahl: After 1 round of replication, the results can be summed up as... - CORRECT
ANSWER - DNA replication could be semiconservative or dispersive
If DNA replication were conservative, after 1 round of replication the tube would have
contained... - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 bands--> a gold/gold double helix above a
blue/blue double helix
What is a "nick" in a DNA strand? - CORRECT ANSWER - a gap between two adjacent
nucleotides in which there is no phosphodiester bond linking them together
mechanisms that would, in theory, retard senescence (i.e., aging) - CORRECT ANSWER -
an increase in antioxidant intake, a reduction in free radical accumulation, a reduction in caloric
intake
Requirements for DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - -template of DNA
-an enzyme to make a copy
-RNA primer
-nucleotides to assemble the polymers/nucleic acids
and CORRECT Answers
what makes the molecule structure of RNA and DNA different? - CORRECT ANSWER -
RNA contains an OH
DNA contains an H
phosphodiester linkage - CORRECT ANSWER - bond between nucleotides in nucleotide
chain to form polynucleotide/ sugar phosphate backbone
how do phosphodiester bonds attach? - CORRECT ANSWER - from the 5' to 3'
what direction does DNA code? - CORRECT ANSWER - 5' ---> 3'
What are nitrogenous bases? - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,
Cytosine, Uracil
2 types of nitrogenous bases - CORRECT ANSWER - purines and pyrimidines
What are purines? - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine and Guanine
What are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER - cytosine, thymine, uracil
What pyrimidine base is found • Only in RNA?
Only in DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER - Uracil
Thymine
,What pyrimidine base is in both RNA & DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cytosine
How do the nitrogenous bases bond to each other? - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrogen
bonds that are anti parallel
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - [A]=[T] and [C]=[G]; in DNA, the amount of
adenine and thymine found are equal and the amount of cytosine and guanine are equal (1:1
ratio)
Franklin and Wilkins (1952) - CORRECT ANSWER - -determined DNA was helical via
X-ray diffraction studies
-DNA is 2nm and there is a turn of the helix every 3.4nm
Watson and Crick (1953) - CORRECT ANSWER - -determined double helix structure of
DNA
-2 sugar-phosphate backbones
-complementary base pairing
-nucleotide strands=anti parallel
Meselson and Stahl (1958) - CORRECT ANSWER - -15N-labeled E. coli grown in
medium containing 14N
-Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one newly synthesized strand
-came up w/ three theories
-evidence proved DNA is semiconservative in prokaryotes
3 hypotheses of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - conservative,
semiconservative, dispersive
conservative hypothesis of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - strand opens up,
each strand is a template strand and copies itself, the two new strands attach and two original
strands come back together
, semiconservative hypothesis of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - strand splits,
each makes its own copy and attaches to its copy (parent & daughter strands)
dispersive hypothesis of DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - strands open up and
DNA fragments, new little copies are made in the fragments; new DNA are hybrids of the DNA
of the parent strands, patch work cut up
DNA together
how long did it take in Meselson and Stahl's experiment for DNA to replicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - every 20 mins
Meselson and Stahl: After 1 round of replication, the results can be summed up as... - CORRECT
ANSWER - DNA replication could be semiconservative or dispersive
If DNA replication were conservative, after 1 round of replication the tube would have
contained... - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 bands--> a gold/gold double helix above a
blue/blue double helix
What is a "nick" in a DNA strand? - CORRECT ANSWER - a gap between two adjacent
nucleotides in which there is no phosphodiester bond linking them together
mechanisms that would, in theory, retard senescence (i.e., aging) - CORRECT ANSWER -
an increase in antioxidant intake, a reduction in free radical accumulation, a reduction in caloric
intake
Requirements for DNA replication - CORRECT ANSWER - -template of DNA
-an enzyme to make a copy
-RNA primer
-nucleotides to assemble the polymers/nucleic acids
