PHA 317 Comprehensive Review For Final
UPDATED Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Rate (or speed of a process) - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined by the rate at which the
concentration of species undergoing change decreases or the concentration of the resulting
species increases with time
Reaction order - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined based on the rate equation obeyed and is
considered a kinetic property of the process; sum of exponents of molar concentration of
reactions affecting the rate of a rxn
Molecularity - CORRECT ANSWER - The number of molecules participating in a given
step of a reaction and related to the mechanism of a reaction
Half-life - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined as the time required to decrease the [reactant]
to 50% of its initial concentration
Shelf-life - CORRECT ANSWER - -For pharmaceutical products, is the time duration
after manufacture until which the critical quality attributes of the product are within acceptable
limits
-For API, it is the time until the concentration of the API is below defined acceptable minimum
levels
Zero-order - CORRECT ANSWER - rate is independent of concentration
Plot of x i.e the amount of drug degraded (as ordinate) against time (as abscissa) is linear with a
slope = k0
half-life is dependent on concentration
,Plot of a i.e the amount of drug at any time "t" (as ordinate) against time (as abscissa) is linear
with a slope = - k0 and intercept = a0
units of k are mol/L*s
First-order - CORRECT ANSWER - rate dependent on concentration
A plot of the logarithm of concentration at any time vs time would be linear with slope = -
k1/2.303 and the intercept on y-axis = log a0
half-life is independent of concentration
units of k are 1/s
Second-order - CORRECT ANSWER - rate dependent on concentration
plot of t on abscissa vs ((a0-a)/(aa0 )) on ordinate would be linear which slope = k2
half-life is dependent on concentration
units of k are L/mol*s
Concentration dependencies - CORRECT ANSWER - rate: IDD
half-life: DID
Vmax, independent - CORRECT ANSWER - When [Substrate]>>Km the velocity of the
rxn approaches ___________, and is ___________________ (dependent or independent) of
substrate concentration
,[S] - CORRECT ANSWER - When [Substrate]<<Km the velocity of the rxn is directly
proportional to ___________.
Prout-Tompkins - CORRECT ANSWER - Reaction kinetics in the solid state are modeled
by this; the reaction rate is assumed to be proportional to the number of nuclei; includes an
induction time required for generation of an appropriate density of active nuclei.
Experimental - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of determination of reaction order in which
data is obtained and substituted into rate equations to calculate k. A consistent k for each time
point represents the reaction order.
Graphical - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of determination of reaction order in which
experimental data is plotted in the form of rate equations to determine the best fit
Isolation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of determination of reaction order in which the
reaction is run in large XS of one reactant to determine the partial order and overall order of the
reaction
Lineweaver-Burke - CORRECT ANSWER - This equation is used to graphically obtain
values of Km and Vmax for enzyme kinetics
second, first - CORRECT ANSWER - The hydrolysis of ethyl acetate is a _____-order
reaction that is pseudo______- order in the case of a buffer medium
zero, first - CORRECT ANSWER - Hydrolysis of a poorly soluble ester suspension is
pseudo-_______-order reaction (drug dissolution and degradation), until all drug has been
dissolved (and is no longer in XS) then becomes _____-order
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - process of mass transfer brought about by random
(Brownian) particle motion; regulated by molecular weight/size of molecule
, Perfume - CORRECT ANSWER - Example of concentration-dependent mass transfer in
gases
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Example of concentration-dependent mass transfer of
water across a membrane
Dialysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Example of concentration-dependent mass transfer of
solute across a membrane
Lyophilization (freeze-drying) - CORRECT ANSWER - An example of diffusion in
pharmacy, typically used with enzyme preparations that cannot be heated to remove water
Ultra-filtration - CORRECT ANSWER - An example of diffusion in pharmacy, low
temperature and pressure are used to remove water more easily from a preparation
Fick's first law of diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Used with high concentration
gradient, describes the relationship between the amount of mass transfer occurring and the
driving force responsible for the transfer
Flux - CORRECT ANSWER - the amount of material moving across unit cross-sectional
area of a barrier per unit time
Fick's second law of diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Deals with changes in
concentration of diffusant in a given region of barrier as a function of time. Answers the
question: "At a given point and time, what's the drug's concentration?"
Driving force for diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined as the difference in relative
humidity between the head space in the bottle and the outer environment
Noyes-Whitney - CORRECT ANSWER - Equation that describes the rate of drug
dissolution
UPDATED Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Rate (or speed of a process) - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined by the rate at which the
concentration of species undergoing change decreases or the concentration of the resulting
species increases with time
Reaction order - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined based on the rate equation obeyed and is
considered a kinetic property of the process; sum of exponents of molar concentration of
reactions affecting the rate of a rxn
Molecularity - CORRECT ANSWER - The number of molecules participating in a given
step of a reaction and related to the mechanism of a reaction
Half-life - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined as the time required to decrease the [reactant]
to 50% of its initial concentration
Shelf-life - CORRECT ANSWER - -For pharmaceutical products, is the time duration
after manufacture until which the critical quality attributes of the product are within acceptable
limits
-For API, it is the time until the concentration of the API is below defined acceptable minimum
levels
Zero-order - CORRECT ANSWER - rate is independent of concentration
Plot of x i.e the amount of drug degraded (as ordinate) against time (as abscissa) is linear with a
slope = k0
half-life is dependent on concentration
,Plot of a i.e the amount of drug at any time "t" (as ordinate) against time (as abscissa) is linear
with a slope = - k0 and intercept = a0
units of k are mol/L*s
First-order - CORRECT ANSWER - rate dependent on concentration
A plot of the logarithm of concentration at any time vs time would be linear with slope = -
k1/2.303 and the intercept on y-axis = log a0
half-life is independent of concentration
units of k are 1/s
Second-order - CORRECT ANSWER - rate dependent on concentration
plot of t on abscissa vs ((a0-a)/(aa0 )) on ordinate would be linear which slope = k2
half-life is dependent on concentration
units of k are L/mol*s
Concentration dependencies - CORRECT ANSWER - rate: IDD
half-life: DID
Vmax, independent - CORRECT ANSWER - When [Substrate]>>Km the velocity of the
rxn approaches ___________, and is ___________________ (dependent or independent) of
substrate concentration
,[S] - CORRECT ANSWER - When [Substrate]<<Km the velocity of the rxn is directly
proportional to ___________.
Prout-Tompkins - CORRECT ANSWER - Reaction kinetics in the solid state are modeled
by this; the reaction rate is assumed to be proportional to the number of nuclei; includes an
induction time required for generation of an appropriate density of active nuclei.
Experimental - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of determination of reaction order in which
data is obtained and substituted into rate equations to calculate k. A consistent k for each time
point represents the reaction order.
Graphical - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of determination of reaction order in which
experimental data is plotted in the form of rate equations to determine the best fit
Isolation - CORRECT ANSWER - Type of determination of reaction order in which the
reaction is run in large XS of one reactant to determine the partial order and overall order of the
reaction
Lineweaver-Burke - CORRECT ANSWER - This equation is used to graphically obtain
values of Km and Vmax for enzyme kinetics
second, first - CORRECT ANSWER - The hydrolysis of ethyl acetate is a _____-order
reaction that is pseudo______- order in the case of a buffer medium
zero, first - CORRECT ANSWER - Hydrolysis of a poorly soluble ester suspension is
pseudo-_______-order reaction (drug dissolution and degradation), until all drug has been
dissolved (and is no longer in XS) then becomes _____-order
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - process of mass transfer brought about by random
(Brownian) particle motion; regulated by molecular weight/size of molecule
, Perfume - CORRECT ANSWER - Example of concentration-dependent mass transfer in
gases
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Example of concentration-dependent mass transfer of
water across a membrane
Dialysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Example of concentration-dependent mass transfer of
solute across a membrane
Lyophilization (freeze-drying) - CORRECT ANSWER - An example of diffusion in
pharmacy, typically used with enzyme preparations that cannot be heated to remove water
Ultra-filtration - CORRECT ANSWER - An example of diffusion in pharmacy, low
temperature and pressure are used to remove water more easily from a preparation
Fick's first law of diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Used with high concentration
gradient, describes the relationship between the amount of mass transfer occurring and the
driving force responsible for the transfer
Flux - CORRECT ANSWER - the amount of material moving across unit cross-sectional
area of a barrier per unit time
Fick's second law of diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Deals with changes in
concentration of diffusant in a given region of barrier as a function of time. Answers the
question: "At a given point and time, what's the drug's concentration?"
Driving force for diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - Defined as the difference in relative
humidity between the head space in the bottle and the outer environment
Noyes-Whitney - CORRECT ANSWER - Equation that describes the rate of drug
dissolution
