Hippocampal and PFC Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
The hippocampal formation's main role in memory is _______ and _______, not storage (think
of it as Google or a librarian, rather than the website or book itself). - CORRECT
ANSWER -encoding, retrieval
Where does memory storage likely take place through long-term potentiation and synaptic
strengthening? - CORRECT ANSWER -sensory and polymodal association areas
which node of the hippocampal circuit helps encode information by organize and prioritizing it,
retrieving relevant info/focusing attention while ignoring distractions? - CORRECT
ANSWER -dlPFC
which hippocampal stream follows a more lateral/anterior path? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ventral ("what")
which hippocampal stream follows a more posterior/inferior/medial path? - CORRECT
ANSWER -dorsal ("where")
the "what" path (ventral stream) involves which areas of the hippocampal formation? -
CORRECT ANSWER -perirhinal cortex (PRC), lateral entorhinal area (LEA)
the "where" path (dorsal/parietal stream) involves which areas of the hippocampal formation? -
CORRECT ANSWER -parahippocampal cortex (PHC), medial entorhinal area (MEA)
which type of declarative memory refers to the maintenance of information in our minds, as well
as the manipulation of that information for the purpose of achieving an immediate goal (e.g.,
remembering a phone number while picking up/dialing a phone)? - CORRECT
ANSWER -short-term (working)
, which type of declarative memory involves retrieving earlier stored information, such as
semantic (facts) or episodic (unique personal experiences) memories? - CORRECT
ANSWER -long-term
retrograde amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER -impacts one's ability to recall previously
encoded episodic and/or semantic memories
anterograde amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER -impacts one's ability to form new long-term
episodic or semantic memories
which type of amnesia was less severe in HM, suggesting that the consolidation and retrieval of
memories is distinct from the encoding process? - CORRECT ANSWER -retrograde
amygdala activity to emotional words is positively correlated with activity in the ________
_______, suggesting that amygdala activity is structurally connected with and increasing
encoding in the hippocampus. - CORRECT ANSWER -entorhinal cortex
patients with hippocampus lesions, compared to those with amygdala lesions, showed intact
_____ ______ in a fear conditioning task (despite low performance on a declarative memory
task) - CORRECT ANSWER -emotional memory
True/False: hippocampal volume is positively associated with working memory and starts to
decline in alzheimers patients during the mild cognitive impairment phase - CORRECT
ANSWER -true
volume reductions in what part of the brain, which connects the amygdala/hippocampus with the
hypothalamus, are most associated with memory impairments in individuals with korsakoff's
syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER -mammillary bodies
during the extinction recall period of the fear learning paradigm, patients with PTSD saw
decreased activity in the _______ and _______, suggesting that they were not encoding the fear
extinction memory. - CORRECT ANSWER -vmPFC, hippocampus
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
The hippocampal formation's main role in memory is _______ and _______, not storage (think
of it as Google or a librarian, rather than the website or book itself). - CORRECT
ANSWER -encoding, retrieval
Where does memory storage likely take place through long-term potentiation and synaptic
strengthening? - CORRECT ANSWER -sensory and polymodal association areas
which node of the hippocampal circuit helps encode information by organize and prioritizing it,
retrieving relevant info/focusing attention while ignoring distractions? - CORRECT
ANSWER -dlPFC
which hippocampal stream follows a more lateral/anterior path? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ventral ("what")
which hippocampal stream follows a more posterior/inferior/medial path? - CORRECT
ANSWER -dorsal ("where")
the "what" path (ventral stream) involves which areas of the hippocampal formation? -
CORRECT ANSWER -perirhinal cortex (PRC), lateral entorhinal area (LEA)
the "where" path (dorsal/parietal stream) involves which areas of the hippocampal formation? -
CORRECT ANSWER -parahippocampal cortex (PHC), medial entorhinal area (MEA)
which type of declarative memory refers to the maintenance of information in our minds, as well
as the manipulation of that information for the purpose of achieving an immediate goal (e.g.,
remembering a phone number while picking up/dialing a phone)? - CORRECT
ANSWER -short-term (working)
, which type of declarative memory involves retrieving earlier stored information, such as
semantic (facts) or episodic (unique personal experiences) memories? - CORRECT
ANSWER -long-term
retrograde amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER -impacts one's ability to recall previously
encoded episodic and/or semantic memories
anterograde amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER -impacts one's ability to form new long-term
episodic or semantic memories
which type of amnesia was less severe in HM, suggesting that the consolidation and retrieval of
memories is distinct from the encoding process? - CORRECT ANSWER -retrograde
amygdala activity to emotional words is positively correlated with activity in the ________
_______, suggesting that amygdala activity is structurally connected with and increasing
encoding in the hippocampus. - CORRECT ANSWER -entorhinal cortex
patients with hippocampus lesions, compared to those with amygdala lesions, showed intact
_____ ______ in a fear conditioning task (despite low performance on a declarative memory
task) - CORRECT ANSWER -emotional memory
True/False: hippocampal volume is positively associated with working memory and starts to
decline in alzheimers patients during the mild cognitive impairment phase - CORRECT
ANSWER -true
volume reductions in what part of the brain, which connects the amygdala/hippocampus with the
hypothalamus, are most associated with memory impairments in individuals with korsakoff's
syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER -mammillary bodies
during the extinction recall period of the fear learning paradigm, patients with PTSD saw
decreased activity in the _______ and _______, suggesting that they were not encoding the fear
extinction memory. - CORRECT ANSWER -vmPFC, hippocampus
