Pediatrics Nursing Exam 2 (Wong
Chapter. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) Questions &
Answers53
In terms of cognitive development, the 5-year-old child would be expected to do which of the
following? - ANSWERS-A.
A. Use magical thinking.
B. Think abstractly.
C. Understand conservation of matter.
D. Comprehend another person's perspective
Infancy Hematopoietic Changes - ANSWERS-Hbgf is present for five months
3-6 months: pysiologic anemia (Normal response to postnatal life, NOT blood disorder) May
need iron supplementation.
Admin iron w/ dropper towards back of mouth
Can cause teeth staining, even before teeth come in.
In older children administer through straw
Give with vitamin C
Infants: Renal - ANSWERS-Risk for dehydration and e- imbalances.
Filtration capacity of glomeruli reduced
Frequent voiding, low specific gravity
15-60ml/kg/24 hours=UOP WNL
,Gross Motor Development Summary: - ANSWERS-*Head lag in first 2 months
*Head control at 4 months
*Rolling over (from abdomen to back) at 5 to 6 months
*Parachute reflex by 7 months (Arms extend down in protection when hold them facing couch
and quickly lower them)
*Sit alone by 7 months
*Move from prone to sitting position by 10 months
Locomotion: - ANSWERS-*Cephalocaudal
*Increased coordination of extremities at 4 months
*Crawling 6/7 months
*Creeping at 9 months
*Walk with assistance at 11 months
*Walk alone at 12 months
Which is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain? - ANSWERS-Give the
child a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation.
Rationale: Cold reduces inflammation and should be used for relief of teething irritation. Aspirin
and aspirin products should never be used in infants and children for inflammation or pain
relief. Hydrogen peroxide will not be effective and may irritate the gums more. Cold, not warm,
reduces inflammation; therefore, heat is not effective for teething pain.
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to see with regard to weight status in an
infant who is 1 year of age? - ANSWERS-Weight is tripled that of birth weight.
,Rationale: Typically at 1 year of age, infant's birth rate is tripled that of initial birth weight. It is
doubled at 6 months of age and quadrupled at 2 years of age. Average weight is based on
recognition of growth and development tables based on birth weight. Breastfed infants typically
have a larger head circumference as compared to bottle fed infants.
An infant is more likely to be at increased risk for infections based on the immunological
premise that: - ANSWERS-Limited ability to reach adult levels until 1 year of age.
Rationale: Infants reach 40% of their immunoglobulin levels by 1 year of age and are therefore
at risk to develop an infection. Infants have an increased amount of immunoglobulin M at birth,
have maternal transfer until 3 months of age, and are able to synthesize immunoglobulin at
decreased rates.
A 6-month-old infant attempts to pick up a toy using his entire hand. This action would be
documented as using a: - ANSWERS-Palmer grasp.
Rationale: At 6 months of age, one would expect an infant to be able to pick up and transfer
objects with his/her whole hand. This is noted as a palmer grasp. Prehension is when the infant
uses both fingers and hands to grab objects and is typically seen between 2 and 3 months.
Pincer grasp is when the infant uses both the thumb and middle finger is seen after 6 months of
age. The behavior described is an example of fine motor development as opposed to gross
motor development.
If an infant understands that an object, even if out of sight still exists then it would be correct to
note that the infant has achieved - ANSWERS-Object permanence.
Rationale: Piaget's cognitive theory states that object permanence is the ability of the infant to
understand that an object still exists even if placed out of sight. This action is not correlated
with moral comprehension or mental representation. It is not associated with reflex activity
which is where reflexes are replaced by voluntary actions.
, The infant's mother reports that her 6-month-old daughter seems to be afraid of strangers now.
Based on this reported finding the nurse would advise the mother that: - ANSWERS-Tell the
mother that fear of strangers is normal during this time period and typically will be self-limiting.
Rationale: Fear of strangers is a normal behavior seen between 6 and 8 months of age. Typically,
it is self-limiting in nature and is not associated with feeding patterns or abuse. It typically does
not require referral for psychological counseling.
In terms of play behavior, which observation would be considered to be an abnormal finding
based on normal growth and development patterns? - ANSWERS-At 1 month of age, they
extend arms to be picked up by their parent or caregiver.
Rationale: Infants typically extend their arms by 6 months of age, thus this would be considered
abnormal if present by 1 month. All of the other options would be considered to be normal play
behavior presentations.
Parents of an infant report that the child is extremely fussy at times. Which parental response
might lead to potential poor outcomes in later life for the child? - ANSWERS-Offering the infant
more food to decrease fussiness.
Rationale: Research suggests that providing additional feedings to fussy infants may stimulate a
potential pattern for development of obesity as the child ages. All of the other options could be
used in response to the infants being fussy without adverse outcomes.
A parent states that she takes her child to a person's home for care while she is at work. There
are no other children being care for in the person's home. Based on this finding, the nurse
would document child care as being: - ANSWERS-family daycare.
Rationale: As the parent takes the child outside of the home without any other children being
present, this is an example of family daycare. In-home care would be if the child was taken care
of in their own home. Center-based care and licensed daycare would include more children
being taken care of in the environment.
Chapter. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) Questions &
Answers53
In terms of cognitive development, the 5-year-old child would be expected to do which of the
following? - ANSWERS-A.
A. Use magical thinking.
B. Think abstractly.
C. Understand conservation of matter.
D. Comprehend another person's perspective
Infancy Hematopoietic Changes - ANSWERS-Hbgf is present for five months
3-6 months: pysiologic anemia (Normal response to postnatal life, NOT blood disorder) May
need iron supplementation.
Admin iron w/ dropper towards back of mouth
Can cause teeth staining, even before teeth come in.
In older children administer through straw
Give with vitamin C
Infants: Renal - ANSWERS-Risk for dehydration and e- imbalances.
Filtration capacity of glomeruli reduced
Frequent voiding, low specific gravity
15-60ml/kg/24 hours=UOP WNL
,Gross Motor Development Summary: - ANSWERS-*Head lag in first 2 months
*Head control at 4 months
*Rolling over (from abdomen to back) at 5 to 6 months
*Parachute reflex by 7 months (Arms extend down in protection when hold them facing couch
and quickly lower them)
*Sit alone by 7 months
*Move from prone to sitting position by 10 months
Locomotion: - ANSWERS-*Cephalocaudal
*Increased coordination of extremities at 4 months
*Crawling 6/7 months
*Creeping at 9 months
*Walk with assistance at 11 months
*Walk alone at 12 months
Which is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain? - ANSWERS-Give the
child a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation.
Rationale: Cold reduces inflammation and should be used for relief of teething irritation. Aspirin
and aspirin products should never be used in infants and children for inflammation or pain
relief. Hydrogen peroxide will not be effective and may irritate the gums more. Cold, not warm,
reduces inflammation; therefore, heat is not effective for teething pain.
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to see with regard to weight status in an
infant who is 1 year of age? - ANSWERS-Weight is tripled that of birth weight.
,Rationale: Typically at 1 year of age, infant's birth rate is tripled that of initial birth weight. It is
doubled at 6 months of age and quadrupled at 2 years of age. Average weight is based on
recognition of growth and development tables based on birth weight. Breastfed infants typically
have a larger head circumference as compared to bottle fed infants.
An infant is more likely to be at increased risk for infections based on the immunological
premise that: - ANSWERS-Limited ability to reach adult levels until 1 year of age.
Rationale: Infants reach 40% of their immunoglobulin levels by 1 year of age and are therefore
at risk to develop an infection. Infants have an increased amount of immunoglobulin M at birth,
have maternal transfer until 3 months of age, and are able to synthesize immunoglobulin at
decreased rates.
A 6-month-old infant attempts to pick up a toy using his entire hand. This action would be
documented as using a: - ANSWERS-Palmer grasp.
Rationale: At 6 months of age, one would expect an infant to be able to pick up and transfer
objects with his/her whole hand. This is noted as a palmer grasp. Prehension is when the infant
uses both fingers and hands to grab objects and is typically seen between 2 and 3 months.
Pincer grasp is when the infant uses both the thumb and middle finger is seen after 6 months of
age. The behavior described is an example of fine motor development as opposed to gross
motor development.
If an infant understands that an object, even if out of sight still exists then it would be correct to
note that the infant has achieved - ANSWERS-Object permanence.
Rationale: Piaget's cognitive theory states that object permanence is the ability of the infant to
understand that an object still exists even if placed out of sight. This action is not correlated
with moral comprehension or mental representation. It is not associated with reflex activity
which is where reflexes are replaced by voluntary actions.
, The infant's mother reports that her 6-month-old daughter seems to be afraid of strangers now.
Based on this reported finding the nurse would advise the mother that: - ANSWERS-Tell the
mother that fear of strangers is normal during this time period and typically will be self-limiting.
Rationale: Fear of strangers is a normal behavior seen between 6 and 8 months of age. Typically,
it is self-limiting in nature and is not associated with feeding patterns or abuse. It typically does
not require referral for psychological counseling.
In terms of play behavior, which observation would be considered to be an abnormal finding
based on normal growth and development patterns? - ANSWERS-At 1 month of age, they
extend arms to be picked up by their parent or caregiver.
Rationale: Infants typically extend their arms by 6 months of age, thus this would be considered
abnormal if present by 1 month. All of the other options would be considered to be normal play
behavior presentations.
Parents of an infant report that the child is extremely fussy at times. Which parental response
might lead to potential poor outcomes in later life for the child? - ANSWERS-Offering the infant
more food to decrease fussiness.
Rationale: Research suggests that providing additional feedings to fussy infants may stimulate a
potential pattern for development of obesity as the child ages. All of the other options could be
used in response to the infants being fussy without adverse outcomes.
A parent states that she takes her child to a person's home for care while she is at work. There
are no other children being care for in the person's home. Based on this finding, the nurse
would document child care as being: - ANSWERS-family daycare.
Rationale: As the parent takes the child outside of the home without any other children being
present, this is an example of family daycare. In-home care would be if the child was taken care
of in their own home. Center-based care and licensed daycare would include more children
being taken care of in the environment.
