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Samenvatting Ontwikkelingspsychologie B-KUL-P0L59A

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Samenvatting van de lessen (en mijn nota's) van het vak ontwikkelingspsychologie in de 1e bachelor psychologie aan de KULeuven. Geslaagd in eerste zit, 15/20

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November 15, 2025
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Ontwikkelingspsychologie

,Inhoud
Les 1: Introductie ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Historiek (in vogelvlucht) ..................................................................................................................... 5
Kernconcepten .................................................................................................................................... 5
Continuïteit en discontinuïteit ......................................................................................................... 6
Kritieke- en gevoelige periode ......................................................................................................... 6
Normatieve en niet-normatieve invloeden ..................................................................................... 7
Oefening Genie .................................................................................................................................... 9
Nature - Nurture ................................................................................................................................. 9
Genetische invloeden vs omgevingsinvloeden................................................................................ 9
Variatie in (afwijkend) gedrag, ontwikkeling en gezondheid ......................................................... 13
Les 2: Behavioristische perspectieven ................................................................................................... 14
Behavioristische perspectieven ......................................................................................................... 14
John Locke – Empirisme ................................................................................................................ 14
John B. Watson - Conditionering .................................................................................................. 14
Albert Bandura - Sociale (cognitieve) leertheorie ........................................................................ 16
Behaviorisme: Implicaties voor scholen ........................................................................................ 16
Casus Esmeralda ............................................................................................................................ 16
Les 3: Cognitivistische perspectieven Deel A......................................................................................... 18
Theorieën van cognitieve ontwikkeling ............................................................................................. 18
Jean-Jacques Rousseau – Nativisme.............................................................................................. 18
Cattell-Horn-Carroll -> CHC model van intelligentie ..................................................................... 19
Andere perspectieven ................................................................................................................... 19
Jean Piaget - Constructivisme ....................................................................................................... 21
Les 4: Cognitivistische perspectieven Deel B ......................................................................................... 26
Theorieën van cognitieve ontwikkeling ............................................................................................. 26
Alison Gopnik – vroege cognitieve ontwikkeling ........................................................................... 26
Informatieverwerkingstheorie....................................................................................................... 26
Kohlberg, Gilligan – morele ontwikkeling ...................................................................................... 29
Les 5: Psychodynamische perspectieven ............................................................................................... 32
Psychodynamische perspectieven ..................................................................................................... 32
Sigmund Freud – psychodynamische theorie................................................................................ 32
Erik Erikson – psychodynamisch perspectief ................................................................................. 36
James Marcia ................................................................................................................................. 38

, Meer recent: kwaliteit van exploratie ........................................................................................... 41
Les 6: Evolutionaire perspectieven ........................................................................................................ 43
Evolutionaire perspectieven (gehechtheid)....................................................................................... 43
John Bowlby – gehechtheidstheorie ............................................................................................. 43
Risicofactoren – sensitiviteit en intergenerationele overdracht ................................................... 50
Secundaire hechting ...................................................................................................................... 51
Les 7: Systemische perspectieven ......................................................................................................... 55
Hoorcollege ....................................................................................................................................... 55
Sociaal-constructivisme en de sociaal- culturele theorie van Vygotsky ........................................ 55
Bio-ecologisch model van Bronfenbrenner ................................................................................... 56
Opvoeding en opvoedingsondersteuning ..................................................................................... 57
SES ................................................................................................................................................. 59
Les 8: Babytijd........................................................................................................................................ 60
Hersenontwikkeling ........................................................................................................................... 60
Waarneming en perceptie ................................................................................................................. 60
Pre-linguïstische communicatie......................................................................................................... 62
Temperament .................................................................................................................................... 63
Les 9: Van baby tot kleuter .................................................................................................................... 64
Taal..................................................................................................................................................... 64
Theorie........................................................................................................................................... 64
Ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................................. 65
Tweetaligheid ................................................................................................................................ 66
Zelfbesef & zelfbeeld ......................................................................................................................... 66
Theory of mind .................................................................................................................................. 67
Genderidentiteit ................................................................................................................................ 67
Les 10: Van kleuter tot schoolkind ........................................................................................................ 69
Zelfsturing of zelfcontrole: executieve functies ................................................................................. 69
Schoolrijpheid .................................................................................................................................... 70
Schoolse competentie en intellectueel zelfbeeld: sociale invloeden ................................................ 71
Sociale relaties ................................................................................................................................... 72
Les 11: Adolescentie .............................................................................................................................. 75
Risicovol gedrag: wat is er aan de hand?........................................................................................... 75
Het puberende brein ......................................................................................................................... 75
Psychische problemen, stress en coping ........................................................................................... 76
Stress ............................................................................................................................................. 76
Psychische problemen ................................................................................................................... 76

, Peer relaties ....................................................................................................................................... 77
Vriendschappen en vriendengroepen ........................................................................................... 77
Sociale status ................................................................................................................................. 77
Romantische en seksuele geaardheid ........................................................................................... 77
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