NURS 6501-ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZ 1 | QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM
How are cells specialized? - CORRECT ANSWER - through the process of
differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - CORRECT ANSWER -
movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration,
reproduction, and communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular
organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cellular injury causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The
chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic
information.
What is Cytoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWER - an aqueous solution (cytosol)
that fills the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - CORRECT
ANSWER - a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout
the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of
protein and lipid components of most of the organelles
,What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - CORRECT ANSWER - a
network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory
vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - CORRECT ANSWER - saclike
structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes.
These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their
basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in the production
and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - CORRECT ANSWER - The major
workhorses of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER - .
Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy
metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER - the "bone and muscle" of
the cell. The internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments,
including microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - encloses the cell
and, by controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful
influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? - CORRECT ANSWER - The transfer of
molecular signals from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis
occurs
, What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - CORRECT
ANSWER - protein homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network.
This network is composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and
protein breakdown or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is
associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER - on the plasma
membrane, enable the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular
substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - CORRECT ANSWER - (1)
the extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma
membrane, and (3) specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - CORRECT
ANSWER - (1) fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive
glycoproteins, and (3) proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps
regulate cell growth, movement, and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) they form protein
channels (gap junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular
processes or other cells in direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor
proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - CORRECT ANSWER - contact-
dependent, paracrine, hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY -
is required for active transport.
What is anabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER - energy-using process of
metabolism
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM
How are cells specialized? - CORRECT ANSWER - through the process of
differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - CORRECT ANSWER -
movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration,
reproduction, and communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular
organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cellular injury causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The
chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic
information.
What is Cytoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWER - an aqueous solution (cytosol)
that fills the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - CORRECT
ANSWER - a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout
the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of
protein and lipid components of most of the organelles
,What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - CORRECT ANSWER - a
network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory
vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - CORRECT ANSWER - saclike
structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes.
These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their
basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in the production
and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - CORRECT ANSWER - The major
workhorses of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER - .
Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy
metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER - the "bone and muscle" of
the cell. The internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments,
including microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - encloses the cell
and, by controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful
influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? - CORRECT ANSWER - The transfer of
molecular signals from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis
occurs
, What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - CORRECT
ANSWER - protein homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network.
This network is composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and
protein breakdown or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is
associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - CORRECT ANSWER - on the plasma
membrane, enable the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular
substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - CORRECT ANSWER - (1)
the extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma
membrane, and (3) specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - CORRECT
ANSWER - (1) fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive
glycoproteins, and (3) proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps
regulate cell growth, movement, and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) they form protein
channels (gap junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular
processes or other cells in direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor
proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? - CORRECT ANSWER - contact-
dependent, paracrine, hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY -
is required for active transport.
What is anabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER - energy-using process of
metabolism
