D236 WGU PATHO STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+ AND GUARANTEED PASS
Hyperkalemia manifestations - answer-Muscle
weakness, paresthesia, paralysis, cardiac rhythm
irregularities (leading to possible ventricular
fibrillation and cardiac arrest)
How can hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? -
answer-A major function of potassium is to conduct
nerve impulses in muscles. Too low and muscle
weakness occurs and too much can cause muscle
spasms.
This is especially dangerous in the heart muscle and
an irregular heartbeat can cause a heart attack
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? -
answer-Oncotic
Oncotic - answer-a form of osmotic pressure exerted
by proteins
,In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma
protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of
oncotic pressure - answer-albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system,
builds volume - answer-Albumin
One question was about the difference in children
and adult immunity - answer-Possible answer: naive T
cells
Learning check question: Which differences in
immunity make children and older adult patients
more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat
infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of
naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to
combat infection
,Younger patients have a large population of naive T
cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive
T cells - answer-Younger patients have fewer memory
cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of
naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to
many pathogens, which means that they have fewer
memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary
response mediated by memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells
compared to younger patients. When these patients
encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of
naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer
opportunities to "find" T cells that will be effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______,
which regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the
kidneys, and RAAS. - answer-osmoreceptors
, Fluid deficit causes - answer--Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - answer--Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - answer--dry mucous
membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - answer-Respiratory Opposite
Metabolic Equal
GRADED A+ AND GUARANTEED PASS
Hyperkalemia manifestations - answer-Muscle
weakness, paresthesia, paralysis, cardiac rhythm
irregularities (leading to possible ventricular
fibrillation and cardiac arrest)
How can hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? -
answer-A major function of potassium is to conduct
nerve impulses in muscles. Too low and muscle
weakness occurs and too much can cause muscle
spasms.
This is especially dangerous in the heart muscle and
an irregular heartbeat can cause a heart attack
Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? -
answer-Oncotic
Oncotic - answer-a form of osmotic pressure exerted
by proteins
,In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma
protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of
oncotic pressure - answer-albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system,
builds volume - answer-Albumin
One question was about the difference in children
and adult immunity - answer-Possible answer: naive T
cells
Learning check question: Which differences in
immunity make children and older adult patients
more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat
infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of
naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to
combat infection
,Younger patients have a large population of naive T
cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive
T cells - answer-Younger patients have fewer memory
cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of
naive T cells
Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to
many pathogens, which means that they have fewer
memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary
response mediated by memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells
compared to younger patients. When these patients
encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of
naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer
opportunities to "find" T cells that will be effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______,
which regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the
kidneys, and RAAS. - answer-osmoreceptors
, Fluid deficit causes - answer--Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - answer--Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - answer--dry mucous
membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - answer-Respiratory Opposite
Metabolic Equal
