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1. Which of the following is not a true statement about the use of focus groups in
the development of a needs assessment survey?
a. A focus group is a good way to obtain information and identify issues, concerns,
or strengths by posing specific questions to be discussed using a small group of
people
b. A focus group should consist of a mixed group of people in order to get a
variety of opinions concerning specific questions to be discussed
c. The facilitator of the focus group should try to keep the conversation on topic
by gently veering back to the question at hand but should try to let the
participants speak freely
d. After the focus group is finished, the information should be compiled based on
the answers to the questions and categorized within each question
- ANSWER 1. B: A focus group is a small group of individuals who are selected
based on certain similarities such as age, stage in life, or place of residence. Trying
to set up a focus group with certain similarities helps to keep individuals from
feeling intimidated by others' opinions. Multiple focus groups can be set up using
different types. The focus group is led by a moderator or facilitator who poses
certain questions to the group involving strengths, issues, concerns, or other
topics to be discussed. The facilitator should lead the discussion and try to help
the group stay on topic but try to remain in the background so people can talk
freely. Opinions are collected, and the information that is obtained is subjective
and not statistically valid. Once the focus group is finished, the information can be
,compiled based on the questions that were discussed then categorized within
each question. The information that is obtained can be the start of the needs
assessment.
2. When collecting health-related data, sources of secondary data include all of
the following except:
a. Observation
b. Vital records
c. Peer-reviewed journals
d. United States Census Bureau - ANSWER 2. A: When conducting a needs
assessment, sources of health-related data can be obtained from two areas.
Primary data are collected using techniques such as interview, observation of the
population being studied, community forums, questionnaires, or a self-
assessment tool. Secondary data sources include obtaining data from government
agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
Census Bureau, or the Department of Health and Human Services. Secondary data
can also be obtained from state or local agencies that keep various types of vital
records or statistics such as morbidity or mortality records, disease registries, or
police records. Nongovernment agencies such as hospitals can provide various
types of secondary data such as information on discharges. Peer-reviewed
journals or scientific studies are also sources of secondary data.
3. When identifying factors that influence health, addressing which of the
following factors would be least likely to make a large impact on the overall health
of a community?
a. Lifestyle factors such as smoking
b. Environmental factors such as access to affordable food
c. Psychosocial factors such as social supports
,d. Biological factors such as genetics - ANSWER 3. D: There are many factors
that may help to improve or hinder the health of a community. Biological factors
such as genetics are important to address but may be less effective as part of a
large group. Lifestyle factors such as increased rates of smoking, poor diet, or
alcohol use have a direct impact on the health of a community. Environmental
factors can include issues such as access to affordable food or health care, air
quality, or water quality. Psychosocial factors may include availability of social
supports, employment, income level, education level, or overall safety of the
community. Other types of individual factors may include religious or cultural
beliefs.
4. What is the final step in the needs assessment process?
a. Validating the needs that have been identified
b. Identifying gaps in healthcare services
c. Data analysis
d. Conduct a resource inventory - ANSWER 4. A: There are typically six steps in
the needs assessment process. The first step is to determine why the needs
assessment is being done and the scope of the project. The second step is
gathering the data, followed by data analysis. The fourth step is to look at any
factors that have been identified as having an impact on the health issue. The fifth
step is to determine what the actual focus should be for addressing the health
problem. The last step is to validate the needs that have been identified. This
makes sure that the identified issue is a true need.
5. Which of the following would be the most expensive survey method to use for
data collection?
a. Telephone
b. Mail
, c. Face-to-face
d. Internet - ANSWER 5. C: A face-to-face survey would be the most expensive
type of survey to use because it is time consuming. Less expensive options include
mail, telephone, or Internet surveys. Face-to-face surveys have a higher response
rate than other types of surveys, but they increase interviewer bias and take away
the option of a participant to remain anonymous. With a face-to-face interview,
the surveyor is able to ask questions in the desired order, and it allows for
additional questioning or asking for clarification if necessary. It is more difficult to
summarize the data for face-to-face surveys.
6. What is the name of the term that measures an outcome that is designed to
identify the rate of occurrence of an issue?
a) Resource inventory
b) Clinical indicator
c) Validation
d) Pretest - ANSWER Clinical indicator
7. Once a specific population has been identified through the needs assessment
for health education, what would be one of the next steps in the planning
process?
a) Begin to advertise the program to the specific population the program will
be targeted toward
b) Approach local leaders and community groups to obtain support for the
project
c) Develop learning objectives
d) Identify educational strategies that will be used such as workshops or
seminars - ANSWER Approach local leaders and community groups to
obtain support for the project