ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
WhatA2doesA2anA2analyticalA2chemistA2do?A2-A2Ans--
IdentifyingA2whatA2isA2inA2anA2unknownA2isA2calledA2qualitativeA2analysis.A2IdentifyingA2ho
wA2muchA2isA2presentA2isA2calledA2quantitativeA2analysis.
DescribeA2theA2stepsA2inA2aA2chemicalA2analysis.A2-A2Ans--
1)A2WhatA2doA2youA2wantA2toA2know?A2-
WhatA2substanceA2(analyte)A2areA2youA2lookingA2for?
A22)A2SelectA2appropriate A2proceduresA2-LiteratureA2SearchA2-
NewA2ProcedureA23)A2GatheringA2RepresentativeA2SamplesA2-
RandomA2heterogeneousA2material-SegregatedA2heterogeneousA2material
4)A2PreparingA2SamplesA2forA2AnalysisA25)A2TheA2ActualA2AnalysisA26)A2SettingA2UpA2Cali
brationA2CurvesA27)A2WhatA2DoA2TheA2ResultsA2Mean?A28)A2ReportingA2yourA2Results-
AA2completeA2report,A2includingA2aA2discussionA2ofA2theA2limitationsA2ofA2theA2dataA2andA2t
heA2analysis.A29)A2DrawingA2Conclusions-howA2canA2thisA2InformationA2beA2used
SIA2unitsA2-A2Ans--
meterA2m:A2kilogramA2kg:A2secondA2s:A2currentA2ampereA2A:A2temperatureA2kelvinA2K:A2ca
ndelaA2cd:A2moleA2mol:
PrefixesA2-A2Ans--yotta-A2(Y-)A210²⁴:A2zetta-A2(Z-)10²¹:A2exa-A2(E-)A210¹⁸:A2peta-
A2(P-)10¹⁵:A2tera-A2(T-)10¹²:A2giga-A2(G-)10⁹:A2mega-A2(M-)A210⁶:A2kilo-A2(k-)10³:A2hecto-
A2(h-)10²:A2deka-A2(da-)**10:A2deci-A2(d-)10⁻¹:A2centi-A2(c-)10⁻²:A2milli-A2(m-)10⁻³:A2micro-
A2(µ-)10⁻⁶:A2nano-A2(n-)10⁻⁹:A2pico-A2(p-)10⁻¹²:A2femto-A2(f-)
10⁻¹⁵:A2atto-A2(a-)10⁻¹⁸:A2zepto-A2(z-)10⁻²¹:A2yocto-A2(y-)10⁻²⁴
DilutionA2ofA2SolutionsA2-A2Ans--M1V1=M2V2
MolarityA2-A2Ans--MolesA2ofA2soluteA2perA2literA2ofA2solvent.
MolalityA2-A2Ans--MolesA2ofA2soluteA2perA2kilogramA2ofA2solvent.
TitrationA2-A2Ans--
AA2solutionA2ofA2knownA2concentrationA2isA2usedA2toA2determineA2theA2concentrationA2ofA2
anotherA2solution.
TitrantA2-A2Ans--
AA2titrantA2isA2aA2chemicalA2reagentA2withA2knownA2concentration,A2whichA2isA2addedA2toA2
theA2analyteA2duringA2theA2processA2ofA2titration,A2inA2orderA2toA2calculateA2theA2concentra
tionA2ofA2theA2analyteA2inA2theA2solution.
, TheA2EquivalenceA2PointA2-A2Ans--
PointA2inA2aA2titrationA2whenA2thereA2areA2"equivalent"A2amountsA2ofA2titrantA2andA2analyte
.
StandardA2SolutionA2-A2Ans--
TheA2titrantA2(solutionA2concentrationA2knownA2withA2highA2accuracy).
EndA2PointA2-A2Ans--
PointA2inA2aA2titrationA2whenA2someA2noticeableA2signalA2indicatesA2equivalenceA2point.A2
TheA2ENDA2pointA2andA2EQUIVALENCEA2pointA2mayA2notA2beA2theA2same.
PrimaryA2StandardA2-A2Ans--
HighlyA2purifiedA2compoundA2thatA2isA2usedA2asA2aA2referenceA2materialA2toA2"standardize
"A2solutions.STABLE,A2READILYA2AVAILABLE,A2GOODA2SOLUBILITY,A2andA2LARGEA2
MOLECULARA2MASS.
HowA2isA2theA2endA2pointA2detected?A2-A2Ans--
CommonlyA2reliesA2onA2electrodesA2orA2indicators.
WhatA2isA2titrationA2error?A2-A2Ans--
TheA2differenceA2betweenA2theA2endA2pointA2andA2theA2equivalenceA2point.A2ErrorA2canA2b
eA2reducedA2byA2subtractingA2resultsA2ofA2aA2blankA2titration,
(sameA2procedureA2inA2absenceA2ofA2analyte),A2orA2byA2standardizingA2theA2titrant.
WhatA2isA2aA2blankA2titration?A2-A2Ans--
WeA2estimateA2theA2titrationA2errorA2withA2aA2blankA2titration,A2inA2whichA2weA2carryA2outA2t
heA2sameA2procedureA2withoutA2analyte.
WhatA2isA2standardization?A2-A2Ans--
AA2titrantA2isA2madeA2withA2approx.A2TheA2desiredA2concentrationA2andA2useA2itA2toA2titrate
A2aA2primaryA2standard.Standardization, A2toA2determineA2theA2concentrationA2ofA2titrantA2(
standardA2solution).TheA2validityA2ofA2theA2analyticalA2resultA2dependsA2onA2knowingA2the
A2compositionA2ofA2aA2primaryA2standard.
SignificantA2FiguresA2Addition/SubtractionA2-A2Ans--
RoundA2offA2theA2answerA2accordingA2toA2theA2numberA2ofA2decimalA2placesA2inA2theA2nu
mberA2withA2theA2fewestA2decimalA2places
SignificantA2FiguresA2Multiplication/DivisionA2-A2Ans--
TheA2answerA2hasA2theA2sameA2numberA2ofA2digitsA2containedA2inA2theA2numberA2withA2th
eA2fewestA2significantA2figures
AccuracyA2-A2Ans--
AA2descriptionA2ofA2howA2closeA2aA2measurementA2isA2toA2theA2trueA2valueA2ofA2theA2quant
ityA2measured.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
WhatA2doesA2anA2analyticalA2chemistA2do?A2-A2Ans--
IdentifyingA2whatA2isA2inA2anA2unknownA2isA2calledA2qualitativeA2analysis.A2IdentifyingA2ho
wA2muchA2isA2presentA2isA2calledA2quantitativeA2analysis.
DescribeA2theA2stepsA2inA2aA2chemicalA2analysis.A2-A2Ans--
1)A2WhatA2doA2youA2wantA2toA2know?A2-
WhatA2substanceA2(analyte)A2areA2youA2lookingA2for?
A22)A2SelectA2appropriate A2proceduresA2-LiteratureA2SearchA2-
NewA2ProcedureA23)A2GatheringA2RepresentativeA2SamplesA2-
RandomA2heterogeneousA2material-SegregatedA2heterogeneousA2material
4)A2PreparingA2SamplesA2forA2AnalysisA25)A2TheA2ActualA2AnalysisA26)A2SettingA2UpA2Cali
brationA2CurvesA27)A2WhatA2DoA2TheA2ResultsA2Mean?A28)A2ReportingA2yourA2Results-
AA2completeA2report,A2includingA2aA2discussionA2ofA2theA2limitationsA2ofA2theA2dataA2andA2t
heA2analysis.A29)A2DrawingA2Conclusions-howA2canA2thisA2InformationA2beA2used
SIA2unitsA2-A2Ans--
meterA2m:A2kilogramA2kg:A2secondA2s:A2currentA2ampereA2A:A2temperatureA2kelvinA2K:A2ca
ndelaA2cd:A2moleA2mol:
PrefixesA2-A2Ans--yotta-A2(Y-)A210²⁴:A2zetta-A2(Z-)10²¹:A2exa-A2(E-)A210¹⁸:A2peta-
A2(P-)10¹⁵:A2tera-A2(T-)10¹²:A2giga-A2(G-)10⁹:A2mega-A2(M-)A210⁶:A2kilo-A2(k-)10³:A2hecto-
A2(h-)10²:A2deka-A2(da-)**10:A2deci-A2(d-)10⁻¹:A2centi-A2(c-)10⁻²:A2milli-A2(m-)10⁻³:A2micro-
A2(µ-)10⁻⁶:A2nano-A2(n-)10⁻⁹:A2pico-A2(p-)10⁻¹²:A2femto-A2(f-)
10⁻¹⁵:A2atto-A2(a-)10⁻¹⁸:A2zepto-A2(z-)10⁻²¹:A2yocto-A2(y-)10⁻²⁴
DilutionA2ofA2SolutionsA2-A2Ans--M1V1=M2V2
MolarityA2-A2Ans--MolesA2ofA2soluteA2perA2literA2ofA2solvent.
MolalityA2-A2Ans--MolesA2ofA2soluteA2perA2kilogramA2ofA2solvent.
TitrationA2-A2Ans--
AA2solutionA2ofA2knownA2concentrationA2isA2usedA2toA2determineA2theA2concentrationA2ofA2
anotherA2solution.
TitrantA2-A2Ans--
AA2titrantA2isA2aA2chemicalA2reagentA2withA2knownA2concentration,A2whichA2isA2addedA2toA2
theA2analyteA2duringA2theA2processA2ofA2titration,A2inA2orderA2toA2calculateA2theA2concentra
tionA2ofA2theA2analyteA2inA2theA2solution.
, TheA2EquivalenceA2PointA2-A2Ans--
PointA2inA2aA2titrationA2whenA2thereA2areA2"equivalent"A2amountsA2ofA2titrantA2andA2analyte
.
StandardA2SolutionA2-A2Ans--
TheA2titrantA2(solutionA2concentrationA2knownA2withA2highA2accuracy).
EndA2PointA2-A2Ans--
PointA2inA2aA2titrationA2whenA2someA2noticeableA2signalA2indicatesA2equivalenceA2point.A2
TheA2ENDA2pointA2andA2EQUIVALENCEA2pointA2mayA2notA2beA2theA2same.
PrimaryA2StandardA2-A2Ans--
HighlyA2purifiedA2compoundA2thatA2isA2usedA2asA2aA2referenceA2materialA2toA2"standardize
"A2solutions.STABLE,A2READILYA2AVAILABLE,A2GOODA2SOLUBILITY,A2andA2LARGEA2
MOLECULARA2MASS.
HowA2isA2theA2endA2pointA2detected?A2-A2Ans--
CommonlyA2reliesA2onA2electrodesA2orA2indicators.
WhatA2isA2titrationA2error?A2-A2Ans--
TheA2differenceA2betweenA2theA2endA2pointA2andA2theA2equivalenceA2point.A2ErrorA2canA2b
eA2reducedA2byA2subtractingA2resultsA2ofA2aA2blankA2titration,
(sameA2procedureA2inA2absenceA2ofA2analyte),A2orA2byA2standardizingA2theA2titrant.
WhatA2isA2aA2blankA2titration?A2-A2Ans--
WeA2estimateA2theA2titrationA2errorA2withA2aA2blankA2titration,A2inA2whichA2weA2carryA2outA2t
heA2sameA2procedureA2withoutA2analyte.
WhatA2isA2standardization?A2-A2Ans--
AA2titrantA2isA2madeA2withA2approx.A2TheA2desiredA2concentrationA2andA2useA2itA2toA2titrate
A2aA2primaryA2standard.Standardization, A2toA2determineA2theA2concentrationA2ofA2titrantA2(
standardA2solution).TheA2validityA2ofA2theA2analyticalA2resultA2dependsA2onA2knowingA2the
A2compositionA2ofA2aA2primaryA2standard.
SignificantA2FiguresA2Addition/SubtractionA2-A2Ans--
RoundA2offA2theA2answerA2accordingA2toA2theA2numberA2ofA2decimalA2placesA2inA2theA2nu
mberA2withA2theA2fewestA2decimalA2places
SignificantA2FiguresA2Multiplication/DivisionA2-A2Ans--
TheA2answerA2hasA2theA2sameA2numberA2ofA2digitsA2containedA2inA2theA2numberA2withA2th
eA2fewestA2significantA2figures
AccuracyA2-A2Ans--
AA2descriptionA2ofA2howA2closeA2aA2measurementA2isA2toA2theA2trueA2valueA2ofA2theA2quant
ityA2measured.
