Test .Bank .For .Genetics .A .Conceptual .Approach .7th .Edition .By:
.Benjamin .A. .Pierce
,Chapter .1: .Introduction .to .Genetics .from .Genetics: .A .Conceptual .Approach
1. Which .of .the .following .best .defines .genetics?
A) The .study .of .living .organisms
B) The .study .of .genes .and .heredity
C) The .study .of .diseases .and .their .causes
D) The .study .of .cell .structures
Correct .Answer: .B) .The .study .of .genes .and .heredity
Rationale: .Genetics .focuses .specifically .on .how .traits .and .characteristics .are .inherited
.through .genes. .This .foundational .knowledge .is .crucial .for .understanding .more .complex
.genetic .concepts. .Understanding .genetics .is .essential .for .nurses, .as .they .may .deal .with
.genetic .conditions .and .counseling.
2. Which .term .describes .the .observable .characteristics .of .an .organism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
Correct .Answer: .B) .Phenotype
Rationale: .The .phenotype .refers .to .the .physical .expression .of .genetic .traits, .while
.genotype .refers .to .the .genetic .makeup. .Nurses .must .be .able .to .differentiate .between
.these .terms .to .provide .effective .education .and .support .to .patients .regarding .genetic
.conditions.
3. What .is .the .primary .function .of .DNA?
A) To .provide .energy .for .cellular .processes
B) To .store .and .transmit .genetic .information
C) To .catalyze .biochemical .reactions
D) To .serve .as .a .structural .component .of .cells
Correct .Answer: .B) .To .store .and .transmit .genetic .information
Rationale: .DNA .holds .the .instructions .for .the .development .and .functioning .of .living
.organisms, .which .is .central .to .genetic .studies. .Understanding .the .role .of .DNA .is .vital .for
.nurses, .especially .when .discussing .genetic .testing .and .counseling.
4. Which .of .the .following .best .describes .alleles?
A) Different .forms .of .a .gene
B) The .same .form .of .a .gene
C) Chromosomes .that .determine .sex
D) Cells .that .contain .genetic .material
Correct .Answer: .A) .Different .forms .of .a .gene
Rationale: .Alleles .represent .variations .of .a .particular .gene, .contributing .to .genetic
.diversity. .Nurses .must .understand .alleles .to .help .explain .inheritance .patterns .and
.genetic .disorders .to .patients.
5. If .a .person .has .two .identical .alleles .for .a .trait, .they .are .considered:
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
, Correct .Answer: .A) .Homozygous
Rationale: .Homozygous .individuals .have .two .copies .of .the .same .allele, .while
.heterozygous .individuals .have .different .alleles. .This .distinction .is .essential .in .genetics,
.as .it .influences .the .expression .of .traits .and .the .risk .of .genetic .disorders.
6. What .is .a .gene?
A) A .segment .of .DNA .that .codes .for .a .protein
B) The .physical .location .of .chromosomes
C) The .complete .set .of .DNA .in .an .organism
D) A .structure .that .carries .nutrients .in .cells
Correct .Answer: .A) .A .segment .of .DNA .that .codes .for .a .protein
Rationale: .Genes .are .the .basic .units .of .heredity .and .are .crucial .for .producing .proteins
.that .carry .out .various .functions .in .the .body. .Understanding .gene .function .is .essential
.for .nurses .to .assess .genetic .risks .and .provide .appropriate .patient .education.
7. Which .genetic .disorder .is .caused .by .a .single .gene .mutation?
A) Cystic .fibrosis
B) Down .syndrome
C) Turner .syndrome
D) Hemophilia
Correct .Answer: .A) .Cystic .fibrosis
Rationale: .Cystic .fibrosis .is .an .autosomal .recessive .disorder .resulting .from .mutations
.in .the .CFTR .gene, .illustrating .Mendelian .inheritance .patterns. .Recognizing .such
.disorders .allows .nurses .to .provide .better .care .and .management .strategies .for .affected
.individuals.
8. In .Mendelian .inheritance, .what .is .the .expected .phenotypic .ratio .of .a
.monohybrid .cross?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:2:1
Correct .Answer: .B) .3:1
Rationale: .A .monohybrid .cross .typically .results .in .a .3:1 .ratio .of .dominant .to
.recessive .phenotypes. .This .knowledge .is .important .for .nurses .involved .in .genetic
.counseling, .as .it .helps .explain .inheritance .patterns .to .families.
9. Which .of .the .following .represents .a .carrier .for .a .recessive .genetic .disorder?
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) None .of .the .above
Correct .Answer: .B) .Aa
Rationale: .A .carrier .has .one .dominant .and .one .recessive .allele, .showing .no .symptoms
.of .the .disorder .but .capable .of .passing .the .recessive .allele .to .offspring. .Understanding
.carriers .is .vital .in .genetic .counseling .and .assessing .family .risks.
10. What .is .the .significance .of .the .human .genome .project?
A) To .clone .human .genes
B) To .map .the .entire .human .genome
C) To .identify .genetic .disorders .only
D) To .enhance .agricultural .crops
, Correct .Answer: .B) .To .map .the .entire .human .genome
Rationale: .The .Human .Genome .Project .aimed .to .sequence .and .understand .all .the
.genes .of .the .human .species, .which .has .vast .implications .for .medicine .and .genetics.
.Nurses .should .be .aware .of .this .project .as .it .informs .genetic .testing .and .treatment
.options.
11. Which .of .the .following .is .an .example .of .a .dominant .trait?
A) Blue .eyes
B) Blood .type .O
C) Hitchhiker's .thumb
D) Cystic .fibrosis
Correct .Answer: .C) .Hitchhiker's .thumb
Rationale: .Hitchhiker's .thumb .is .a .dominant .trait; .the .others .are .either .recessive .or
.blood .types .determined .by .codominance. .Understanding .dominant .traits .is .crucial .for
.nurses .when .discussing .genetic .inheritance .with .patients.
12. In .a .pedigree .chart, .a .filled .symbol .typically .represents .which .of .the .following?
A) Carrier
B) Affected .individual
C) Male
D) Female
Correct .Answer: .B) .Affected .individual
Rationale: .Filled .symbols .in .a .pedigree .indicate .individuals .expressing .a .particular
.trait .or .condition .being .studied. .Knowledge .of .pedigree .charts .is .essential .for .nurses
.assessing .family .histories .and .genetic .risks.
13. Which .of .the .following .is .true .regarding .sex-linked .traits?
A) They .are .inherited .equally .by .males .and .females.
B) They .are .always .expressed .in .males.
C) They .are .only .found .on .the .Y .chromosome.
D) They .are .typically .more .common .in .males .than . females.
Correct .Answer: .D) .They .are .typically .more .common .in .males .than .females.
.Rationale: .Sex-linked .traits .are .often .carried .on .the .X .chromosome, .leading .to
.higher .expression .in .males, .who .have .only .one .X .chromosome. .Nurses .should
.understand .sex- .linked .inheritance .patterns .for .effective .genetic .counseling.
14. What .is .the .role .of .messenger .RNA .(mRNA) .in .protein .synthesis?
A) It .catalyzes .the .formation .of .proteins.
B) It .carries .genetic .information .from .DNA .to .ribosomes.
C) It .helps .in .DNA .replication.
D) It .protects .DNA .from .degradation.
Correct .Answer: .B) .It .carries .genetic .information .from .DNA .to .ribosomes.
Rationale: .mRNA .is .crucial .for .translating .genetic .information .into .proteins,
.functioning .as .a .template .for .protein .synthesis. .Understanding .mRNA's .role .aids
.nurses .in .discussing .genetic .therapies .and .treatments.
15. Which .term .describes .an .organism's .genetic .makeup?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
Correct .Answer: .B) .Genotype
.Benjamin .A. .Pierce
,Chapter .1: .Introduction .to .Genetics .from .Genetics: .A .Conceptual .Approach
1. Which .of .the .following .best .defines .genetics?
A) The .study .of .living .organisms
B) The .study .of .genes .and .heredity
C) The .study .of .diseases .and .their .causes
D) The .study .of .cell .structures
Correct .Answer: .B) .The .study .of .genes .and .heredity
Rationale: .Genetics .focuses .specifically .on .how .traits .and .characteristics .are .inherited
.through .genes. .This .foundational .knowledge .is .crucial .for .understanding .more .complex
.genetic .concepts. .Understanding .genetics .is .essential .for .nurses, .as .they .may .deal .with
.genetic .conditions .and .counseling.
2. Which .term .describes .the .observable .characteristics .of .an .organism?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
Correct .Answer: .B) .Phenotype
Rationale: .The .phenotype .refers .to .the .physical .expression .of .genetic .traits, .while
.genotype .refers .to .the .genetic .makeup. .Nurses .must .be .able .to .differentiate .between
.these .terms .to .provide .effective .education .and .support .to .patients .regarding .genetic
.conditions.
3. What .is .the .primary .function .of .DNA?
A) To .provide .energy .for .cellular .processes
B) To .store .and .transmit .genetic .information
C) To .catalyze .biochemical .reactions
D) To .serve .as .a .structural .component .of .cells
Correct .Answer: .B) .To .store .and .transmit .genetic .information
Rationale: .DNA .holds .the .instructions .for .the .development .and .functioning .of .living
.organisms, .which .is .central .to .genetic .studies. .Understanding .the .role .of .DNA .is .vital .for
.nurses, .especially .when .discussing .genetic .testing .and .counseling.
4. Which .of .the .following .best .describes .alleles?
A) Different .forms .of .a .gene
B) The .same .form .of .a .gene
C) Chromosomes .that .determine .sex
D) Cells .that .contain .genetic .material
Correct .Answer: .A) .Different .forms .of .a .gene
Rationale: .Alleles .represent .variations .of .a .particular .gene, .contributing .to .genetic
.diversity. .Nurses .must .understand .alleles .to .help .explain .inheritance .patterns .and
.genetic .disorders .to .patients.
5. If .a .person .has .two .identical .alleles .for .a .trait, .they .are .considered:
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
, Correct .Answer: .A) .Homozygous
Rationale: .Homozygous .individuals .have .two .copies .of .the .same .allele, .while
.heterozygous .individuals .have .different .alleles. .This .distinction .is .essential .in .genetics,
.as .it .influences .the .expression .of .traits .and .the .risk .of .genetic .disorders.
6. What .is .a .gene?
A) A .segment .of .DNA .that .codes .for .a .protein
B) The .physical .location .of .chromosomes
C) The .complete .set .of .DNA .in .an .organism
D) A .structure .that .carries .nutrients .in .cells
Correct .Answer: .A) .A .segment .of .DNA .that .codes .for .a .protein
Rationale: .Genes .are .the .basic .units .of .heredity .and .are .crucial .for .producing .proteins
.that .carry .out .various .functions .in .the .body. .Understanding .gene .function .is .essential
.for .nurses .to .assess .genetic .risks .and .provide .appropriate .patient .education.
7. Which .genetic .disorder .is .caused .by .a .single .gene .mutation?
A) Cystic .fibrosis
B) Down .syndrome
C) Turner .syndrome
D) Hemophilia
Correct .Answer: .A) .Cystic .fibrosis
Rationale: .Cystic .fibrosis .is .an .autosomal .recessive .disorder .resulting .from .mutations
.in .the .CFTR .gene, .illustrating .Mendelian .inheritance .patterns. .Recognizing .such
.disorders .allows .nurses .to .provide .better .care .and .management .strategies .for .affected
.individuals.
8. In .Mendelian .inheritance, .what .is .the .expected .phenotypic .ratio .of .a
.monohybrid .cross?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:2:1
Correct .Answer: .B) .3:1
Rationale: .A .monohybrid .cross .typically .results .in .a .3:1 .ratio .of .dominant .to
.recessive .phenotypes. .This .knowledge .is .important .for .nurses .involved .in .genetic
.counseling, .as .it .helps .explain .inheritance .patterns .to .families.
9. Which .of .the .following .represents .a .carrier .for .a .recessive .genetic .disorder?
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) None .of .the .above
Correct .Answer: .B) .Aa
Rationale: .A .carrier .has .one .dominant .and .one .recessive .allele, .showing .no .symptoms
.of .the .disorder .but .capable .of .passing .the .recessive .allele .to .offspring. .Understanding
.carriers .is .vital .in .genetic .counseling .and .assessing .family .risks.
10. What .is .the .significance .of .the .human .genome .project?
A) To .clone .human .genes
B) To .map .the .entire .human .genome
C) To .identify .genetic .disorders .only
D) To .enhance .agricultural .crops
, Correct .Answer: .B) .To .map .the .entire .human .genome
Rationale: .The .Human .Genome .Project .aimed .to .sequence .and .understand .all .the
.genes .of .the .human .species, .which .has .vast .implications .for .medicine .and .genetics.
.Nurses .should .be .aware .of .this .project .as .it .informs .genetic .testing .and .treatment
.options.
11. Which .of .the .following .is .an .example .of .a .dominant .trait?
A) Blue .eyes
B) Blood .type .O
C) Hitchhiker's .thumb
D) Cystic .fibrosis
Correct .Answer: .C) .Hitchhiker's .thumb
Rationale: .Hitchhiker's .thumb .is .a .dominant .trait; .the .others .are .either .recessive .or
.blood .types .determined .by .codominance. .Understanding .dominant .traits .is .crucial .for
.nurses .when .discussing .genetic .inheritance .with .patients.
12. In .a .pedigree .chart, .a .filled .symbol .typically .represents .which .of .the .following?
A) Carrier
B) Affected .individual
C) Male
D) Female
Correct .Answer: .B) .Affected .individual
Rationale: .Filled .symbols .in .a .pedigree .indicate .individuals .expressing .a .particular
.trait .or .condition .being .studied. .Knowledge .of .pedigree .charts .is .essential .for .nurses
.assessing .family .histories .and .genetic .risks.
13. Which .of .the .following .is .true .regarding .sex-linked .traits?
A) They .are .inherited .equally .by .males .and .females.
B) They .are .always .expressed .in .males.
C) They .are .only .found .on .the .Y .chromosome.
D) They .are .typically .more .common .in .males .than . females.
Correct .Answer: .D) .They .are .typically .more .common .in .males .than .females.
.Rationale: .Sex-linked .traits .are .often .carried .on .the .X .chromosome, .leading .to
.higher .expression .in .males, .who .have .only .one .X .chromosome. .Nurses .should
.understand .sex- .linked .inheritance .patterns .for .effective .genetic .counseling.
14. What .is .the .role .of .messenger .RNA .(mRNA) .in .protein .synthesis?
A) It .catalyzes .the .formation .of .proteins.
B) It .carries .genetic .information .from .DNA .to .ribosomes.
C) It .helps .in .DNA .replication.
D) It .protects .DNA .from .degradation.
Correct .Answer: .B) .It .carries .genetic .information .from .DNA .to .ribosomes.
Rationale: .mRNA .is .crucial .for .translating .genetic .information .into .proteins,
.functioning .as .a .template .for .protein .synthesis. .Understanding .mRNA's .role .aids
.nurses .in .discussing .genetic .therapies .and .treatments.
15. Which .term .describes .an .organism's .genetic .makeup?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
Correct .Answer: .B) .Genotype
