AQA Psychology A Level Issues and
Debates (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Questions and 100% Correct Verified
Answers [Grade A] – University of
California, Berkeley
Universality -correct answer Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is
capable of being applied to all
Ekman (1989) -correct answer Argued that facial expressions are an example of
universality
Gender Bias -correct answer When one gender is treated in a different way from
another
Androcentrism -correct answer When 'normal' behaviour is judged according to a
male standard and so anything which deviates from this is seen as 'abnormal'
PMS is often thought as a stereotype when in fact is a diagnosable disorder under the
DSM-5
Alpha Bias -correct answer Psychological theory which suggest a difference between
males and females e.g. Wilson's principle of survival efficacy
Beta Bias -correct answer Theories that ignore or minimise the differences between
males and females e.g. Freud
, AQA Psychology A Level Issues and
Debates (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Questions and 100% Correct Verified
Answers [Grade A] – University of
California, Berkeley
Gender Bias -correct answer Evaluation: Implications of bias- misleading assumptions
of female behaviour// Sexism within research- more likely to be published if
highlighting differences between males and females// Reflexivity- psychologists now
consider this when conducting research
Cultural Bias -correct answer The tendency to ignore the cultural differences and
interpret information through the 'lens' of our own culture ie. in 1992, 64% of the
worlds psychology researchers were American
Ethnocentrism -correct answer Judging other cultures by the standards and values of
one's own cultures and in extreme cases the superiority of one e.g. Ainsworth's
strange situation
Cultural Relativism -correct answer The idea that norms, values and morals can only
be understood within a specific social and cultural context
Berry (1969) -correct answer Distinguished between etic and emic
Debates (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Questions and 100% Correct Verified
Answers [Grade A] – University of
California, Berkeley
Universality -correct answer Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is
capable of being applied to all
Ekman (1989) -correct answer Argued that facial expressions are an example of
universality
Gender Bias -correct answer When one gender is treated in a different way from
another
Androcentrism -correct answer When 'normal' behaviour is judged according to a
male standard and so anything which deviates from this is seen as 'abnormal'
PMS is often thought as a stereotype when in fact is a diagnosable disorder under the
DSM-5
Alpha Bias -correct answer Psychological theory which suggest a difference between
males and females e.g. Wilson's principle of survival efficacy
Beta Bias -correct answer Theories that ignore or minimise the differences between
males and females e.g. Freud
, AQA Psychology A Level Issues and
Debates (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Questions and 100% Correct Verified
Answers [Grade A] – University of
California, Berkeley
Gender Bias -correct answer Evaluation: Implications of bias- misleading assumptions
of female behaviour// Sexism within research- more likely to be published if
highlighting differences between males and females// Reflexivity- psychologists now
consider this when conducting research
Cultural Bias -correct answer The tendency to ignore the cultural differences and
interpret information through the 'lens' of our own culture ie. in 1992, 64% of the
worlds psychology researchers were American
Ethnocentrism -correct answer Judging other cultures by the standards and values of
one's own cultures and in extreme cases the superiority of one e.g. Ainsworth's
strange situation
Cultural Relativism -correct answer The idea that norms, values and morals can only
be understood within a specific social and cultural context
Berry (1969) -correct answer Distinguished between etic and emic
