age 1 of 114
PN 2001 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
QSEN competencies .......Answer.........Quality improvement,
Safety, patient centered care, teamwork and collaboration,
evidence based practice, informatics
What would cause metabolic alkalosis?
.......Answer.........Vomiting, NG suctioning or lavage, diarrhea,
steroid or diuretic therapy, loss of gastric acid, electorlyte
imbalances, renal disease, and excessive antacid ingestion
What might predispose a client to infection and/or poor wound
healing? .......Answer.........Inadequate primary defense as
evidence by lacerations and abrasions. Protein vitamins, minerals
,age 2 of 114
What lab values would a nurse expect to see for a patient who
is suspected of having poor wound healing and/or infection?
.......Answer.........Decreased hemoglobin, change in pH
Ph .......Answer.........normal is 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 .......Answer.........normal is 45-35
HCO3 .......Answer.........normal is 22-26
What can cause respiratory acidosis? .......Answer.........COPD,
Narcotic OD, anesthesia, hypoventilation, acute airway
obstruction, pulm emboli, atelectasis, diaphragm weakness, sleep
apnea, pulm edema,
What can cause respiratory alkalosis?
.......Answer.........Hyperventilation, anxiety, stress like fever or
,age 3 of 114
pain, phobias, fear, salicylate OD, mechanical ventilation, and
oxygentoxicity
What would cause metabolic acidosis? .......Answer.........Renal
disease, diabetes, lactic acidosis, cardiac probs, severe
infections, diarrhea
What meds might cause metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?
.......Answer.........Potassium, calcium chloride/gluconate,
antiemetic like promethazine, hydrochloride, trimethobenzamide,
stimulant laxative/stool softener
Intracellular fluid .......Answer.........Compartment contains all the
water and ions inside the cells. By far the largest amount of
water in the body, approx 65% is found within this compartment
Extracellular fluid .......Answer.........the compartment contains the
remaining body fluids or fluids outside the cells
, age 4 of 114
What are the factors that may cause fluid to move from one
area to antoher? .......Answer.........Selective permeable
membraine. Higher and lower molecule concentration fluids must
first pass through. Selective permeable cell membrane, the
movement is primarily by osmosis, but diffusion and active
transport also play a roll
What symptoms would lead a nurse to suspect CHF in Right side:
.......Answer.........R is liveR. SOB, edema in feet and ankles,
urinating more frequently at night, pronounced neck veins,
palpitations, irregular fast heartbeat, fatigue, weakness, fainting
Symptoms in left side .......Answer.........LUNG. Cough, blood
tinged mucus, decrease urine production, difficulty lying down,
need to sleep with the head elevated to avoid SOB, fatigue,
weakness, faintness, irregular or rapid pulse, palpitations,
weight gain
PN 2001 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
QSEN competencies .......Answer.........Quality improvement,
Safety, patient centered care, teamwork and collaboration,
evidence based practice, informatics
What would cause metabolic alkalosis?
.......Answer.........Vomiting, NG suctioning or lavage, diarrhea,
steroid or diuretic therapy, loss of gastric acid, electorlyte
imbalances, renal disease, and excessive antacid ingestion
What might predispose a client to infection and/or poor wound
healing? .......Answer.........Inadequate primary defense as
evidence by lacerations and abrasions. Protein vitamins, minerals
,age 2 of 114
What lab values would a nurse expect to see for a patient who
is suspected of having poor wound healing and/or infection?
.......Answer.........Decreased hemoglobin, change in pH
Ph .......Answer.........normal is 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 .......Answer.........normal is 45-35
HCO3 .......Answer.........normal is 22-26
What can cause respiratory acidosis? .......Answer.........COPD,
Narcotic OD, anesthesia, hypoventilation, acute airway
obstruction, pulm emboli, atelectasis, diaphragm weakness, sleep
apnea, pulm edema,
What can cause respiratory alkalosis?
.......Answer.........Hyperventilation, anxiety, stress like fever or
,age 3 of 114
pain, phobias, fear, salicylate OD, mechanical ventilation, and
oxygentoxicity
What would cause metabolic acidosis? .......Answer.........Renal
disease, diabetes, lactic acidosis, cardiac probs, severe
infections, diarrhea
What meds might cause metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?
.......Answer.........Potassium, calcium chloride/gluconate,
antiemetic like promethazine, hydrochloride, trimethobenzamide,
stimulant laxative/stool softener
Intracellular fluid .......Answer.........Compartment contains all the
water and ions inside the cells. By far the largest amount of
water in the body, approx 65% is found within this compartment
Extracellular fluid .......Answer.........the compartment contains the
remaining body fluids or fluids outside the cells
, age 4 of 114
What are the factors that may cause fluid to move from one
area to antoher? .......Answer.........Selective permeable
membraine. Higher and lower molecule concentration fluids must
first pass through. Selective permeable cell membrane, the
movement is primarily by osmosis, but diffusion and active
transport also play a roll
What symptoms would lead a nurse to suspect CHF in Right side:
.......Answer.........R is liveR. SOB, edema in feet and ankles,
urinating more frequently at night, pronounced neck veins,
palpitations, irregular fast heartbeat, fatigue, weakness, fainting
Symptoms in left side .......Answer.........LUNG. Cough, blood
tinged mucus, decrease urine production, difficulty lying down,
need to sleep with the head elevated to avoid SOB, fatigue,
weakness, faintness, irregular or rapid pulse, palpitations,
weight gain
