MO221 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2025-2026
Organizational Behavior - Answers the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around
organizations
Organizational Behavior examines: - Answers - how employees behave, perceive, make
decisions, and respond emotionally
- how individuals and teams in organizations relate to each other and their counterparts in other
organizations
- how organizations interact with their external environments
What is an organization? - Answers groups of people who work interdependently toward some
purpose
Organizations have varying structures based on the follow contingencies: - Answers - external
environment
- organizational size
- technology
- organizational strategy
What is Span of Control? - Answers the number of people directly reporting to the next level
above in the hierarchy
Narrow span of control - Answers "tall structures" where few people report directly to a manager
Wide span of control - Answers "flat structures: where a manager has many direct reports
Examples of narrow span of control - Answers - general electric
- wells fargo
- Boston university
- government & military
examples of wide span of control - Answers - tesla
-whirlpool
-cisco
-apple
-google
, -pandora
Why do you think organizations are moving towards a wide span of control structure? - Answers
to create specialization in each area
Centralization definition - Answers the degree to which formal decisions authority is held by a
small number of people (typically at the top of the organizational hierarchy)
what is a centralized organization? - Answers organizations have most decisions made by top
management, and members often have "standard operation procedures" for decision-making,
aimed at creating efficiency
decentralized organization? - Answers disperse decision-making through the organization,
because senior executives have to/want to, and members often can give insights/innovation for
strategic management
Advantages & Disadvantages of centralized organizations - Answers advantages: clear chain of
command, focused vision, reduced costs, quick decision-implementation, improved work quality
disadvantages: bureaucratic leadership, remote control of work, work delays, weak employee
loyalty
advantages & disadvantages of decentralized organization - Answers advantages: more
employee participation, innovation, problem solving, and agile strategies, better communication
disadvantages: unclear/undefined roles, job overlaps, less efficiency
what is management? - Answers a process designed to achieve an organization's objectives by
using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment
two basic activities of management - Answers 1. figuring out what to do often despite
uncertainty and an enormous amount of potentially relevant information
2. getting things done through other people, despite having little direct control over most of
them
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
what is the difference? - Answers theory x: managers assume people don't like to work and
need to be controlled and coerced into doing task
theory y:
managers assume people like to work and they need to be self-directed, creative, and seek
Organizational Behavior - Answers the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around
organizations
Organizational Behavior examines: - Answers - how employees behave, perceive, make
decisions, and respond emotionally
- how individuals and teams in organizations relate to each other and their counterparts in other
organizations
- how organizations interact with their external environments
What is an organization? - Answers groups of people who work interdependently toward some
purpose
Organizations have varying structures based on the follow contingencies: - Answers - external
environment
- organizational size
- technology
- organizational strategy
What is Span of Control? - Answers the number of people directly reporting to the next level
above in the hierarchy
Narrow span of control - Answers "tall structures" where few people report directly to a manager
Wide span of control - Answers "flat structures: where a manager has many direct reports
Examples of narrow span of control - Answers - general electric
- wells fargo
- Boston university
- government & military
examples of wide span of control - Answers - tesla
-whirlpool
-cisco
-apple
, -pandora
Why do you think organizations are moving towards a wide span of control structure? - Answers
to create specialization in each area
Centralization definition - Answers the degree to which formal decisions authority is held by a
small number of people (typically at the top of the organizational hierarchy)
what is a centralized organization? - Answers organizations have most decisions made by top
management, and members often have "standard operation procedures" for decision-making,
aimed at creating efficiency
decentralized organization? - Answers disperse decision-making through the organization,
because senior executives have to/want to, and members often can give insights/innovation for
strategic management
Advantages & Disadvantages of centralized organizations - Answers advantages: clear chain of
command, focused vision, reduced costs, quick decision-implementation, improved work quality
disadvantages: bureaucratic leadership, remote control of work, work delays, weak employee
loyalty
advantages & disadvantages of decentralized organization - Answers advantages: more
employee participation, innovation, problem solving, and agile strategies, better communication
disadvantages: unclear/undefined roles, job overlaps, less efficiency
what is management? - Answers a process designed to achieve an organization's objectives by
using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment
two basic activities of management - Answers 1. figuring out what to do often despite
uncertainty and an enormous amount of potentially relevant information
2. getting things done through other people, despite having little direct control over most of
them
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
what is the difference? - Answers theory x: managers assume people don't like to work and
need to be controlled and coerced into doing task
theory y:
managers assume people like to work and they need to be self-directed, creative, and seek
