Questions Fully Solved 2025-2026
Graded A+.
Roles and Responsibilities:
- All states have title protection for NPs
-Board of Nursing regulates practice
- Some states require joint oversight with medical board (FLORIDA IS NOT ONE )
-The scope of practice for NPs is determined by what? - Answer Scope of practice is
determined by NP license
What is the first step in the prescribing process according to the World Health Organization?
▪ Is a prescription the right treatment?
▪ What are the possible adverse effects?
▪ What are the effective drugs for the disease?
▪ Are there national guidelines available for disease management?
▪ Goals of therapy?
▪ Curative? Palliative? Preventative?
▪ Monitoring to see if drug it meeting goals?
▪ Duplications in medications patient is taking?
▪ OTC vs prescription drugs
▪ Cost? (consider brand vs. generic)
▪ Sources of information
▪ Individualize treatments to specific patients (pediatric vs. adult, injectable vs. oral, etc.)
▪ IOM recommends disclosing conflicts of interest and financial relationships when providing
drug education Clinical Judgment in - Answer The first step in the prescribing process
according to the World Health Organization is diagnosing the patient's problem
, ▪ Dose-response relationship
▪ Drug potency and efficacy
▪ Pharmacokinetics =
▪ Absorption ▪ Distribution ▪ Metabolism ▪ Elimination
Drugs act at these 4 levels : - Answer Molecular
- Interaction with drug's molecular target (typically protein molecules)
Cellular
- Transduction (the cellular response)
Tissue
-The function of tissue is altered
System
-The system (like CV) is altered
What does KD represent? - Answer dissociation constant
What is the definition of KD? - Answer KD is the concentration at which 50% of binding sites
(receptors) are occupied by drug
KD (dissociation constant) is the inverse of the drug affinity to the binding site ( affinity = 1 /
KD )
What's the formula for affinity? - Answer ( affinity = 1 / KD )
Drug receptor binding is reversible, ________, and ______. - Answer Drug receptor binding is
reverible, selective, and graded.
- Effects are proportional to the number of occupied receptors