Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Define renal failure - ✔-75% of the nephron total mass is gone
How many nephrons are in each kidney? - ✔-Close to 1 million per kidney
What is the "All Nephrons Diseased" hypothesis? - ✔-When some kind of insult happens to the kidney,
all nephrons are injured to some degree b/c they are vulnerable and delicate.
What is the "Intact Nephron" hypothesis? - ✔-Nephrons are vulnerable, however; when something
happens to a nephron it is all or nothing - it is either destroyed or unaffected and intact.
How does the kidney respond to an insult of nephrons? - ✔-We sometimes find that intact nephrons
hypertrophy to help take up the slack.
What common condition is seen when we lose too many nephrons? - ✔-Uremia
What is Uremia? - ✔-Retention of nitrogenous containing substances in the blood.
What is our most severe symptom of renal failure? - ✔-Glomerulus filtration defecit
Explain Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) - ✔-GFR is the amount of plasma that is filtered through your
glomerulus per minute. Your body should filter your entire blood volume through your kidneys every 20
minutes.
What can also affect GFR? - ✔-Infections, inflammatory diseases, hyper/hypotension, SLE, diabetes and
toxic substances
What are causative organisms for UTI? - ✔-80% E. coli
Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
, Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
10% proteus
90% caused by gram negative rods
What is the treatment for UTI? - ✔-Since 90% are caused by gram negative rods, we will not culture it,
but prescribe an antibiotic which targets these organsisms. If UTI is recurring, we will culture it.
What population is most likely to get a UTI and why? - ✔-Females are most likely due to their short
urethra.
Why are pregnant women especially prone to getting UTI's? - ✔-As pregnancy progresses, your
estrogen and progestin levels increase. Progestin relaxes smooth muscle which surround your urethra.
Your urethra gets bigger and is more commonly infected since it is easier to infect a large tube than a
small tube.
What is "Nature's Way" of protecting us from UTI's? - ✔-Peeing. Everytime you pee you flush out the
urethra which is why we don't get them all the time.
What is urethritis? - ✔-An inflammatory process of the urethra without concurrent bladder infection.
This is usually, but not always. caused by an STD.
What is cystitis? - ✔-Infection of the bladder, results mucosal inflammation and congestion. This
causes detrusor muscle hyperactivity and a resulting decrease of bladder capacity. If it goes untreated, it
can send bacteria all the way to the kidney causing acute or chronic pyelonephritis.
What is pyelonephritis? - ✔-A kidney infection. 90% of the time, it is caused by glomerulonephrititis
(GN); an inflammatory disease.
What the clinical manifestations of GN (glomerulonephrititis)? - ✔-Hematuria and Proteinuria
What is the difference between Hematuria and Proteinuria? - ✔-Hematuria is an abnormally large
amount of RBC's present in the urine. Proteinuria is an abnormally large amount of protein present in
the urine [usually albumin].
Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Define renal failure - ✔-75% of the nephron total mass is gone
How many nephrons are in each kidney? - ✔-Close to 1 million per kidney
What is the "All Nephrons Diseased" hypothesis? - ✔-When some kind of insult happens to the kidney,
all nephrons are injured to some degree b/c they are vulnerable and delicate.
What is the "Intact Nephron" hypothesis? - ✔-Nephrons are vulnerable, however; when something
happens to a nephron it is all or nothing - it is either destroyed or unaffected and intact.
How does the kidney respond to an insult of nephrons? - ✔-We sometimes find that intact nephrons
hypertrophy to help take up the slack.
What common condition is seen when we lose too many nephrons? - ✔-Uremia
What is Uremia? - ✔-Retention of nitrogenous containing substances in the blood.
What is our most severe symptom of renal failure? - ✔-Glomerulus filtration defecit
Explain Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) - ✔-GFR is the amount of plasma that is filtered through your
glomerulus per minute. Your body should filter your entire blood volume through your kidneys every 20
minutes.
What can also affect GFR? - ✔-Infections, inflammatory diseases, hyper/hypotension, SLE, diabetes and
toxic substances
What are causative organisms for UTI? - ✔-80% E. coli
Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
, Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
10% proteus
90% caused by gram negative rods
What is the treatment for UTI? - ✔-Since 90% are caused by gram negative rods, we will not culture it,
but prescribe an antibiotic which targets these organsisms. If UTI is recurring, we will culture it.
What population is most likely to get a UTI and why? - ✔-Females are most likely due to their short
urethra.
Why are pregnant women especially prone to getting UTI's? - ✔-As pregnancy progresses, your
estrogen and progestin levels increase. Progestin relaxes smooth muscle which surround your urethra.
Your urethra gets bigger and is more commonly infected since it is easier to infect a large tube than a
small tube.
What is "Nature's Way" of protecting us from UTI's? - ✔-Peeing. Everytime you pee you flush out the
urethra which is why we don't get them all the time.
What is urethritis? - ✔-An inflammatory process of the urethra without concurrent bladder infection.
This is usually, but not always. caused by an STD.
What is cystitis? - ✔-Infection of the bladder, results mucosal inflammation and congestion. This
causes detrusor muscle hyperactivity and a resulting decrease of bladder capacity. If it goes untreated, it
can send bacteria all the way to the kidney causing acute or chronic pyelonephritis.
What is pyelonephritis? - ✔-A kidney infection. 90% of the time, it is caused by glomerulonephrititis
(GN); an inflammatory disease.
What the clinical manifestations of GN (glomerulonephrititis)? - ✔-Hematuria and Proteinuria
What is the difference between Hematuria and Proteinuria? - ✔-Hematuria is an abnormally large
amount of RBC's present in the urine. Proteinuria is an abnormally large amount of protein present in
the urine [usually albumin].
Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with 100% Verified Answers
