ANATOMY FINAL (HAPS) REVIEW QUESTIONS
When there is more solute inside the cell than out, the cell _______, what is this called?
- answer -shrinks, hypertonic
When there is more solute outside the cell than inside , the cell _______, what is this
called? - answer -swells, hypotonic
Cells retain their normal size and shape in a ___________ solution. Same amount of
water and solutes move in and out - answer -isotonic,
Facilitated transport vs active - answer -active requires energy and can move solutes
against the gradient
What do dendritic cells do (integument system) - answer -found in bone marrow and
migrate to epidermis
Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of the immune system
Merkel cells (aka tactile cells) - answer -functions as a sensory receptor fir touch
Layers of skin (deepest to superficial) - answer -stratum basale- constantly produces
new skin cells
Spinosum-tension resisting, spike balls
Granulosum- keratinization
(lucidum in thick skin)
Corneum- dead skin layer
Merocrine vs apocrine - answer -merocrine- sweat, apocrine- sweat with fatty
substance
Types of cancer - answer -basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Types of cartilages - answer -hyaline cartilage- flexibility
Elastic cartilage- stretchy able to withstand repeated bending
Fibrocartilage- resistant to pressure
Appositional growth vs interstitial - answer -cartilage forming cells secrete new matrix
against the external face of the existing tissue
Secreting new matrix from within
Formation of bone - answer -bone collar forms
Cartilage calcifies
, Periosteal bud invades, forming spongey bone
Diaphysis elongates
Epiphysis ossify
Regulation of bone growth - answer -hgh released by anterior pituitary
Sex hormones
Regulation of bone remodeling - answer -parathyroid hormone (pth)
When blood ca levels fall, thyroid gland relesase pth which enacts osteoclasts to
breakdown bone
Joint classes - answer -fibrous-adjoining bones united by collagen fibers
Cartilaginous- adjoining bones united by cartilage
Synovial- adjoining bones in a joint cavity enclosed within a capsule
Types of muscle - answer -skeletal- multinucleated, striations, sacromeres
Cardiac- binucleated, striations, sarcomeres
Smooth- single, fusiform, no striations, no t tubules or sarcomeres
Tin filaments are primarily composed of_____ - answer -actin
Role of tropomyosin - answer -stabilize filament, block myosin binding sites on actin so
that myosin heads on thick filament cannot bind to the thin filaments
Role of dystrophin - answer -links the thin filaments to the integeral proteins of the
sarcolemma
Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum - answer -regulates intracellular levels of calcium.
Storescalcium and releases it on demand upon stimulation of muscle fibers
Unfused tetanus vs fused tetanus muscle contraction - answer -wave summation, vs no
relaxation at all
Isotonic vs isometric muscle contractions - answer -muscle develops enough force to
lift the object, tension is constant
Muscle cannot lift heavy object, tension reaches its peak
What makes up the cns - answer -brain and spinal cord
What makes up the pns - answer -nerves and ganglia ( collection of nerve bundles)
Afferent vs efferent - answer -carrying towards the brain vs away from the brain
Somatic vs autonomic - answer -voluntary vs involuntary
When there is more solute inside the cell than out, the cell _______, what is this called?
- answer -shrinks, hypertonic
When there is more solute outside the cell than inside , the cell _______, what is this
called? - answer -swells, hypotonic
Cells retain their normal size and shape in a ___________ solution. Same amount of
water and solutes move in and out - answer -isotonic,
Facilitated transport vs active - answer -active requires energy and can move solutes
against the gradient
What do dendritic cells do (integument system) - answer -found in bone marrow and
migrate to epidermis
Ingest foreign substances and are key activators of the immune system
Merkel cells (aka tactile cells) - answer -functions as a sensory receptor fir touch
Layers of skin (deepest to superficial) - answer -stratum basale- constantly produces
new skin cells
Spinosum-tension resisting, spike balls
Granulosum- keratinization
(lucidum in thick skin)
Corneum- dead skin layer
Merocrine vs apocrine - answer -merocrine- sweat, apocrine- sweat with fatty
substance
Types of cancer - answer -basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Types of cartilages - answer -hyaline cartilage- flexibility
Elastic cartilage- stretchy able to withstand repeated bending
Fibrocartilage- resistant to pressure
Appositional growth vs interstitial - answer -cartilage forming cells secrete new matrix
against the external face of the existing tissue
Secreting new matrix from within
Formation of bone - answer -bone collar forms
Cartilage calcifies
, Periosteal bud invades, forming spongey bone
Diaphysis elongates
Epiphysis ossify
Regulation of bone growth - answer -hgh released by anterior pituitary
Sex hormones
Regulation of bone remodeling - answer -parathyroid hormone (pth)
When blood ca levels fall, thyroid gland relesase pth which enacts osteoclasts to
breakdown bone
Joint classes - answer -fibrous-adjoining bones united by collagen fibers
Cartilaginous- adjoining bones united by cartilage
Synovial- adjoining bones in a joint cavity enclosed within a capsule
Types of muscle - answer -skeletal- multinucleated, striations, sacromeres
Cardiac- binucleated, striations, sarcomeres
Smooth- single, fusiform, no striations, no t tubules or sarcomeres
Tin filaments are primarily composed of_____ - answer -actin
Role of tropomyosin - answer -stabilize filament, block myosin binding sites on actin so
that myosin heads on thick filament cannot bind to the thin filaments
Role of dystrophin - answer -links the thin filaments to the integeral proteins of the
sarcolemma
Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum - answer -regulates intracellular levels of calcium.
Storescalcium and releases it on demand upon stimulation of muscle fibers
Unfused tetanus vs fused tetanus muscle contraction - answer -wave summation, vs no
relaxation at all
Isotonic vs isometric muscle contractions - answer -muscle develops enough force to
lift the object, tension is constant
Muscle cannot lift heavy object, tension reaches its peak
What makes up the cns - answer -brain and spinal cord
What makes up the pns - answer -nerves and ganglia ( collection of nerve bundles)
Afferent vs efferent - answer -carrying towards the brain vs away from the brain
Somatic vs autonomic - answer -voluntary vs involuntary
