age 1 of 63
CHEM 219 Module 2 Problem Set Principles of Organic
Chemistry with Lab FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
Jones' Reagent .....Answer.....chromium trioxide (CrO3) with
aqueous sulfuric acid which produces chromic acid (H2CrO4)
PCC .....Answer.....Pyridinium chlorochromate, mild oxidizing
agent that will accomplish oxidation of primary alcohol to
aldehyde stage without further oxidation to the carboxylic acid
*dichloromethane as solvent
,age 2 of 63
Are tertiary alcohols able to oxidize? .....Answer.....No
unreactive; alcohol must have at least one hydrogen attached to
the carbon on the hydroxyl bearing carbon
ether .....Answer.....2 alkyl or aryl groups covalently bonded to a
single oxygen
R-O-R'
R groups can be same (symmetric) or different (asymmetric)
ether nomenclature .....Answer.....add ether at end
ethers with complex structures nomenclature .....Answer.....add
named -OR as alkoxy
add -oxy
ex: 2-methoxypentane
,age 3 of 63
epoxides .....Answer.....3 membered cyclic ethers composed of 2
C and 1 O
*known as oxiranes
*highly strained
epoxide nomenclature .....Answer.....add oxide or oxirane
cyclic ethers .....Answer.....use prefix -oxa at beginning
*when more than one O atom, use di, tri, and so on
crown ethers .....Answer.....Macrocyclic (large ring) polymeric
ethers are known as crown ethers because their rings have a
distinct repeating pattern that resembles a crown
[x]crown-y where x is number than reflects the ring size and y
represents the number of O atoms
, age 4 of 63
*can solvate cations (+) within the interior cavity of their ring
structures --> allows ionic compounds to be dissolved in
relatively non-polar organic solvents
properties of ethers .....Answer.....clear, colorless, low BP, do not
have an O-H bonds an therefore incapable of forming
hydrogen bonds with one another
*can form H bonds to molecules that have O-H, N-H, or S-H
bonds (they cannot donate H bonds but can accept)
Stereochemistry .....Answer.....Analysis of 3D structures of organic
molecules
Stereoisomers .....Answer.....Same MF and connectivity, different
3D arrangements of atoms/groups
Chirality .....Answer.....Handedness
CHEM 219 Module 2 Problem Set Principles of Organic
Chemistry with Lab FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
Jones' Reagent .....Answer.....chromium trioxide (CrO3) with
aqueous sulfuric acid which produces chromic acid (H2CrO4)
PCC .....Answer.....Pyridinium chlorochromate, mild oxidizing
agent that will accomplish oxidation of primary alcohol to
aldehyde stage without further oxidation to the carboxylic acid
*dichloromethane as solvent
,age 2 of 63
Are tertiary alcohols able to oxidize? .....Answer.....No
unreactive; alcohol must have at least one hydrogen attached to
the carbon on the hydroxyl bearing carbon
ether .....Answer.....2 alkyl or aryl groups covalently bonded to a
single oxygen
R-O-R'
R groups can be same (symmetric) or different (asymmetric)
ether nomenclature .....Answer.....add ether at end
ethers with complex structures nomenclature .....Answer.....add
named -OR as alkoxy
add -oxy
ex: 2-methoxypentane
,age 3 of 63
epoxides .....Answer.....3 membered cyclic ethers composed of 2
C and 1 O
*known as oxiranes
*highly strained
epoxide nomenclature .....Answer.....add oxide or oxirane
cyclic ethers .....Answer.....use prefix -oxa at beginning
*when more than one O atom, use di, tri, and so on
crown ethers .....Answer.....Macrocyclic (large ring) polymeric
ethers are known as crown ethers because their rings have a
distinct repeating pattern that resembles a crown
[x]crown-y where x is number than reflects the ring size and y
represents the number of O atoms
, age 4 of 63
*can solvate cations (+) within the interior cavity of their ring
structures --> allows ionic compounds to be dissolved in
relatively non-polar organic solvents
properties of ethers .....Answer.....clear, colorless, low BP, do not
have an O-H bonds an therefore incapable of forming
hydrogen bonds with one another
*can form H bonds to molecules that have O-H, N-H, or S-H
bonds (they cannot donate H bonds but can accept)
Stereochemistry .....Answer.....Analysis of 3D structures of organic
molecules
Stereoisomers .....Answer.....Same MF and connectivity, different
3D arrangements of atoms/groups
Chirality .....Answer.....Handedness
