Chapter 01: Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
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Cairo: Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications, 6
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th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOIC MO
E
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as w
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hich of the following?
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a. External respiration MO
b. Internal respiration MO
c. Spontaneous ventilation MO
d. Mechanical ventilation MO
ANS: M O C
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the que
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
stion asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External
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Orespiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between
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Othe alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular le
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vel and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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REF: MOMO pg. 2 MO
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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, a. Red blood cells and body cells
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b. Scalenes and trapezius muscles
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c. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
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d. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
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ANS: M O C
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) betwee
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n the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular
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level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells. Scale
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ne and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External oblique and tr
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ansverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
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REF: MOMO pg. 2 MO
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breat
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hing is depicted by which of the following?
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a.
, b.
c.
d.
ANS: M O B
During spontaneous breathing, the intrapleural pressure drops from about 5 cm H2O at
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end- expiration to about 10 cm H2O at end-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change from 5 cm H2O to
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O 10 cm H2O.
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REF: MOMO pg. 3 MO
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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a. 1 cm H2O MO MO
b. +1 cm H2O
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c. 0 cm H2OMO MO
d. 5 cm H2OMO MO
ANS: M O A
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal spontaneous v
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entilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure
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will become 1 cm H2O.
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REF: MOMO pg. 4 MO
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the followin
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g?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA) MO MO
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) MO MO
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) MO MO
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) MO MO
ANS: M O D
, The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure required to maintain al
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
veolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA) is the pressure gradient required to produce
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inf
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
late the lungs and airways during positive-
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pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to ex
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pand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
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REF: MOMO pg. 4 MO
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive-
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pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
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alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O MO MO
b. 30 cm H2O MO MO
c. 40 cm H2O MO MO
d. 175 cm H2O MO MO
ANS: M O B
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the pressure required to overcome a
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
irway resistance during mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
REF: MOMO pg. 4 MO
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form
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after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance MO
d. Distending pressure MO
ANS: M O A
The elastance of a structure is the tendency of that structure to return to its original
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shape after being stretched. The more elastance a structure has, the more difficult it i
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s to stretch. The compliance of a structure is the ease with which the structure diste
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nds or stretches.
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Compliance is the opposite of elastance. Viscous resistance is the opposition to move
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ment offered by adjacent structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs. Diste
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nding pressure is pressure required to maintain inflation, for example, alveolar disten
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ding pressure.
MO
REF: MOMO pg. 5 MO
8. Calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubat
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ed patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H2O.
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a. 6 cm H2OMO MO
b. 26.7 cm H2O MO MO
c. 37.5 cm H2O MO MO
d. 41.5 cm H2O MO MO
ANS: M O B
C =
MO MO V/ P then MO MO P = MO MO V/ C
REF: MOMO pg. 5 MO
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
Cairo: Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications, 6
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
th Edition
MO
MULTIPLE CHOIC MO
E
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as w
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
hich of the following?
MO MO MO
a. External respiration MO
b. Internal respiration MO
c. Spontaneous ventilation MO
d. Mechanical ventilation MO
ANS: M O C
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the que
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
stion asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO M
Orespiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO M
Othe alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular le
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
vel and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
REF: MOMO pg. 2 MO
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
, a. Red blood cells and body cells
MO MO MO MO MO
b. Scalenes and trapezius muscles
MO MO MO
c. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
MO MO MO
d. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
MO MO MO MO MO
ANS: M O C
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) betwee
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
n the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
level and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells. Scale
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
ne and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External oblique and tr
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
ansverse abdominal muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
REF: MOMO pg. 2 MO
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breat
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
hing is depicted by which of the following?
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
a.
, b.
c.
d.
ANS: M O B
During spontaneous breathing, the intrapleural pressure drops from about 5 cm H2O at
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
end- expiration to about 10 cm H2O at end-
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change from 5 cm H2O to
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO M
O 10 cm H2O.
MO MO
REF: MOMO pg. 3 MO
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO .
a. 1 cm H2O MO MO
b. +1 cm H2O
M O M O MO MO
c. 0 cm H2OMO MO
d. 5 cm H2OMO MO
ANS: M O A
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal spontaneous v
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
entilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
will become 1 cm H2O.
MO MO MO MO
REF: MOMO pg. 4 MO
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the followin
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
g?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA) MO MO
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) MO MO
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) MO MO
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) MO MO
ANS: M O D
, The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure required to maintain al
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
veolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA) is the pressure gradient required to produce
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to inf
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
late the lungs and airways during positive-
MO MO MO MO MO MO
pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to ex
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
pand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
REF: MOMO pg. 4 MO
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance during positive-
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
pressure ventilation when the proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
a. 7 cm H2O MO MO
b. 30 cm H2O MO MO
c. 40 cm H2O MO MO
d. 175 cm H2O MO MO
ANS: M O B
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the pressure required to overcome a
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
irway resistance during mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
REF: MOMO pg. 4 MO
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance MO
d. Distending pressure MO
ANS: M O A
The elastance of a structure is the tendency of that structure to return to its original
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
shape after being stretched. The more elastance a structure has, the more difficult it i
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
s to stretch. The compliance of a structure is the ease with which the structure diste
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
nds or stretches.
MO MO
Compliance is the opposite of elastance. Viscous resistance is the opposition to move
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
ment offered by adjacent structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs. Diste
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
nding pressure is pressure required to maintain inflation, for example, alveolar disten
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
ding pressure.
MO
REF: MOMO pg. 5 MO
8. Calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubat
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
ed patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H2O.
MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO MO
a. 6 cm H2OMO MO
b. 26.7 cm H2O MO MO
c. 37.5 cm H2O MO MO
d. 41.5 cm H2O MO MO
ANS: M O B
C =
MO MO V/ P then MO MO P = MO MO V/ C
REF: MOMO pg. 5 MO
