Peds & Maternity HESI EXAM GRADED A LATEST VERSION
2026-150 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is the basic unit of life?
a) Molecule
b) Atom
c) Cell
d) Tissue
Rationale: The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all
living organisms.
2. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic
information?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Nucleic acids
d) Proteins
Rationale: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic
information.
3. During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
Rationale: In anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart toward
1
opposite poles.
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, 4. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Ribosome
d) Lysosome
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins.
5. What type of bond holds together the two strands of DNA?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Peptide bond
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between complementary base pairs,
stabilizing the DNA double helix.
6. Which process converts glucose into pyruvate?
a) Calvin cycle
b) Electron transport chain
c) Glycolysis
d) Fermentation
Rationale: Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small
amount of ATP.
7. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of which cell component?
a) Nucleus
b) Plasma membrane
c) Cytoplasm
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer
with embedded proteins, forming a flexible structure.
8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
a) Lack of nucleus
b) Circular DNA
c) Membrane-bound organelles
d) Ribosomes
Rationale: Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles.
9. Which stage of meiosis results in cells with half the number of
chromosomes?
a) Prophase I
b) Metaphase I
c) Telophase I
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d) Telophase II
EXAMPREPMASTER
, Rationale: Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, reducing
chromosome number by half.
10.What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Nucleic acids
d) Proteins
Rationale: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
11.Which blood cells are primarily responsible for immune defense?
a) Red blood cells
b) Platelets
c) White blood cells
d) Plasma
Rationale: White blood cells (leukocytes) protect the body against
infections and foreign invaders.
12.Which hormone regulates blood sugar by lowering it?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Adrenaline
Rationale: Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood, lowering
blood sugar.
13.Which biome has the highest biodiversity?
a) Desert
b) Tundra
c) Tropical rainforest
d) Grassland
Rationale: Tropical rainforests support a wide variety of plant and animal
species due to stable climate and high productivity.
14.In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Chloroplast
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy to
produce glucose.
15.Which structure controls the passage of substances in and out of a cell?
a) Nucleus
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b) Mitochondria
EXAMPREPMASTER
2026-150 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is the basic unit of life?
a) Molecule
b) Atom
c) Cell
d) Tissue
Rationale: The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all
living organisms.
2. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic
information?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Nucleic acids
d) Proteins
Rationale: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic
information.
3. During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate?
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
Rationale: In anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart toward
1
opposite poles.
Page
EXAMPREPMASTER
, 4. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Ribosome
d) Lysosome
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins.
5. What type of bond holds together the two strands of DNA?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Peptide bond
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between complementary base pairs,
stabilizing the DNA double helix.
6. Which process converts glucose into pyruvate?
a) Calvin cycle
b) Electron transport chain
c) Glycolysis
d) Fermentation
Rationale: Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small
amount of ATP.
7. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of which cell component?
a) Nucleus
b) Plasma membrane
c) Cytoplasm
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer
with embedded proteins, forming a flexible structure.
8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
a) Lack of nucleus
b) Circular DNA
c) Membrane-bound organelles
d) Ribosomes
Rationale: Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles.
9. Which stage of meiosis results in cells with half the number of
chromosomes?
a) Prophase I
b) Metaphase I
c) Telophase I
2
Page
d) Telophase II
EXAMPREPMASTER
, Rationale: Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, reducing
chromosome number by half.
10.What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Nucleic acids
d) Proteins
Rationale: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
11.Which blood cells are primarily responsible for immune defense?
a) Red blood cells
b) Platelets
c) White blood cells
d) Plasma
Rationale: White blood cells (leukocytes) protect the body against
infections and foreign invaders.
12.Which hormone regulates blood sugar by lowering it?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Adrenaline
Rationale: Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood, lowering
blood sugar.
13.Which biome has the highest biodiversity?
a) Desert
b) Tundra
c) Tropical rainforest
d) Grassland
Rationale: Tropical rainforests support a wide variety of plant and animal
species due to stable climate and high productivity.
14.In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Chloroplast
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy to
produce glucose.
15.Which structure controls the passage of substances in and out of a cell?
a) Nucleus
3
Page
b) Mitochondria
EXAMPREPMASTER
