HESI MILESTONE EXAM 1 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Histamine1 blockers action(mine, zine, dine) - ANS bind selectively to H1-histaminic
receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating - ANS -mild allergies(seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies(anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action(tidine) - ANS block the H2 receptors responsible
for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia - ANS -can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching - ANS -teach about s/s of hypoglycemia(cold and
clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes - ANS -insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - ANS -tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
-fatigue
antitussives therapeutic action is to - ANS Act on the cough control center in the medulla to
suppress the cough reflex; used for a cough that is nonproductive and irritating
Anaphylaxis‐PCN - ANS -laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe hypotension=
immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment - ANS epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
ANS vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? -
ANS observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be administered -
ANS an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively larger doses until
the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment - ANS -Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action - ANS -decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow intestinal transit,
which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine and
increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia - ANS -Inhibition of aldosterone release (secondary to inhibition
of angiotensin II production) can cause potassium retention by the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium supplements, salt
substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching - ANS 1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
Methadone therapeutic use - ANS Relief or prevention of moderate to severe pain while
causing minimal respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, and other adverse
effects.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Histamine1 blockers action(mine, zine, dine) - ANS bind selectively to H1-histaminic
receptors, blocking the actions of histamine at these sites
H1 antagonists are useful in treating - ANS -mild allergies(seasonal rhinitis)
-severe allergies(anaphylaxis)
-motion sickness
-insomnia
-common cold
Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists action(tidine) - ANS block the H2 receptors responsible
for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia - ANS -can occur right after meals
-for severe hypoglycemia give IV dextrose
Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia teaching - ANS -teach about s/s of hypoglycemia(cold and
clammy give them candy)
-have glucagon emergency kit available
-regular monitoring of A1c levels are required
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Exenatide (Byetta) hypoglycemia causes - ANS -insulin overdose
-reduced food intake
-vomiting and diarrhea
-excessive alcohol intake
-unaccustomed exercise
-termination of pregnancy
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia - ANS -tachycardia
-palpitations
-sweating
-nervousness
-headache
-confusion
-drowsiness
-fatigue
antitussives therapeutic action is to - ANS Act on the cough control center in the medulla to
suppress the cough reflex; used for a cough that is nonproductive and irritating
Anaphylaxis‐PCN - ANS -laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe hypotension=
immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis treatment - ANS epinephrine (subQ, IM, or IV) plus respiratory support
What drugs are effective and safe alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies? -
ANS vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop patients should be? -
ANS observed for at least 30 minutes after drug injection (i.e., until the risk of an
anaphylactic reaction has passed).
To minimize the chances of an anaphylactic reaction, penicillin should be administered -
ANS an initial small dose is followed at 60-minute intervals by progressively larger doses until
the full therapeutic dose has been achieved
Morphine overdose treatment - ANS -Naloxone (narcan)
-Intravenous, IM, and subQ. For initial treatment, administer IV
CT‐diarrhea‐action - ANS -decrease intestinal motility and thereby slow intestinal transit,
which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes
-activation of opioid receptors decreases secretion of fluid into the small intestine and
increases absorption of fluid and salt.
ACE inhibitor‐hyperkalemia - ANS -Inhibition of aldosterone release (secondary to inhibition
of angiotensin II production) can cause potassium retention by the kidney.
-significant potassium accumulation is limited to patients taking potassium supplements, salt
substitutes (which contain potassium), or a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Leukotrienes‐teaching - ANS 1. To take medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals
2. To increase fluid intake
3. Not to discontinue the medication and to take it as
prescribed, even during symptom-free period
Methadone therapeutic use - ANS Relief or prevention of moderate to severe pain while
causing minimal respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, and other adverse
effects.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
