Circularity introduction
Circularity talk about re-using and recycling natural/renewable materials.
Thinking about what happens after the disposal of a building.
Circularity building requirements:
- Resource efficiency
- Naturally balanced
- Renewable
- Recyclable
Materialization depends on topology, morphology (shape), geometry,
texture and surface area. Material is matter with a function.
Thermal insulation has had a big influence on material use. Before we just
had monolithic facades (=one material, insulation not taken into account),
now we see a lot of layered facades.
Scientific material groups:
1. Inorganic materials
2. Organic materials
3. Metals
4. Composites (combination)
Architectural material groups:
1. -> Stone materials
2. -> Timber, plastics
3. -> Steel
4. -> Reinforced concrete
Circularity gap
Circularity gap:
- Keeping products in circularity or in use as long as possible. ->
Prevent disposal
- Try to recycle once end of life is reached.
- Closing the circularity gap is not only a personal goal, it is also a
policy set by the government. This policy holds clear objectives in
regards to circularity.
o Ladder of Lansink (1979) (R9 strategy)
,R9 strategy:
- Design phase (Sustainability)
0. Refuse (prevent waste)
1. Rethink
2. Reduce waste
- Consumption phase (Longer
life)
3. Reuse (until problems
occur)
4. Repair (don’t repurchase)
5. Refurbish
6. Remanufacture
7. Repurpose
- End-of-life phase
8. Recycle
9. Recover energy
During the design phase it is important to design for re-use, disassembly,
recycling and biodegradation (=temporary materials that rot away) to
help the circularity of your design.
Recycling is mainly downcycling.
Renewable materials
Biophilic design:
- Biophilic design aims to incorporate nature into architecture.
- Helps users have a healthy and less stressful life, since it effects all
five senses.
Bio-mimicry = Nature-inspired shapes or designs.
Renewable materials (Used for sustainable-green-ecological buildings):
- Cellulosic (Plantbased)
o Timber (Low embodied energy)
o Thatch (Straw, reed)
o Flax (Plantsoort)
o Grass, bamboo
- Wool, felt, skin
- Clay, loam (dirt)
- Ice
Timber
, Chemical structure of cellulosic materials ->
Structure of cellulosic materials:
- Cell walls
o Cellulose (50%)
o Hemicellulose (25%)
o Lignin (25%)
- Lumina (Cell cavities)
o Water
o Sugar
Softwood has a regular lumen structure. Hardwood has a more complex,
irregular lumen structure. -> Different microstructures
Since lumina is full of water, wood has to be dried after cutting. The goal
of drying is to reduce water content to below 20%. To calculate the
moisture content in wood we use the following formula:
The moisture content can be higher than 100%.
Durability:
- Removing or absorbing water can result in deformation from the
wood. -> Depends on the way it has been cut.
- When wood gets wet it can rot.
- Over time wood can degrade. -> Discoloration
Wood can be used structurally as f.e. beams, roofs and cladding (façade
material).
Recycling:
1. A-wood = Wood without paint or glued. -> Directly reused or cut.
2. B-wood = Painted, coated or glued. -> Processed to board material
or incinerated.
3. C-wood = Wood treated with biocides (vergif). -> Toxic and therefor
waste.
Thatch
Thatch is a traditional roofing material.
Straw:
Circularity talk about re-using and recycling natural/renewable materials.
Thinking about what happens after the disposal of a building.
Circularity building requirements:
- Resource efficiency
- Naturally balanced
- Renewable
- Recyclable
Materialization depends on topology, morphology (shape), geometry,
texture and surface area. Material is matter with a function.
Thermal insulation has had a big influence on material use. Before we just
had monolithic facades (=one material, insulation not taken into account),
now we see a lot of layered facades.
Scientific material groups:
1. Inorganic materials
2. Organic materials
3. Metals
4. Composites (combination)
Architectural material groups:
1. -> Stone materials
2. -> Timber, plastics
3. -> Steel
4. -> Reinforced concrete
Circularity gap
Circularity gap:
- Keeping products in circularity or in use as long as possible. ->
Prevent disposal
- Try to recycle once end of life is reached.
- Closing the circularity gap is not only a personal goal, it is also a
policy set by the government. This policy holds clear objectives in
regards to circularity.
o Ladder of Lansink (1979) (R9 strategy)
,R9 strategy:
- Design phase (Sustainability)
0. Refuse (prevent waste)
1. Rethink
2. Reduce waste
- Consumption phase (Longer
life)
3. Reuse (until problems
occur)
4. Repair (don’t repurchase)
5. Refurbish
6. Remanufacture
7. Repurpose
- End-of-life phase
8. Recycle
9. Recover energy
During the design phase it is important to design for re-use, disassembly,
recycling and biodegradation (=temporary materials that rot away) to
help the circularity of your design.
Recycling is mainly downcycling.
Renewable materials
Biophilic design:
- Biophilic design aims to incorporate nature into architecture.
- Helps users have a healthy and less stressful life, since it effects all
five senses.
Bio-mimicry = Nature-inspired shapes or designs.
Renewable materials (Used for sustainable-green-ecological buildings):
- Cellulosic (Plantbased)
o Timber (Low embodied energy)
o Thatch (Straw, reed)
o Flax (Plantsoort)
o Grass, bamboo
- Wool, felt, skin
- Clay, loam (dirt)
- Ice
Timber
, Chemical structure of cellulosic materials ->
Structure of cellulosic materials:
- Cell walls
o Cellulose (50%)
o Hemicellulose (25%)
o Lignin (25%)
- Lumina (Cell cavities)
o Water
o Sugar
Softwood has a regular lumen structure. Hardwood has a more complex,
irregular lumen structure. -> Different microstructures
Since lumina is full of water, wood has to be dried after cutting. The goal
of drying is to reduce water content to below 20%. To calculate the
moisture content in wood we use the following formula:
The moisture content can be higher than 100%.
Durability:
- Removing or absorbing water can result in deformation from the
wood. -> Depends on the way it has been cut.
- When wood gets wet it can rot.
- Over time wood can degrade. -> Discoloration
Wood can be used structurally as f.e. beams, roofs and cladding (façade
material).
Recycling:
1. A-wood = Wood without paint or glued. -> Directly reused or cut.
2. B-wood = Painted, coated or glued. -> Processed to board material
or incinerated.
3. C-wood = Wood treated with biocides (vergif). -> Toxic and therefor
waste.
Thatch
Thatch is a traditional roofing material.
Straw:
