EMT-B FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 PREPARATION TEST BANK ALL JB LEARNING QUIZZES ACTUAL EXAM 400
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Reticular Activating System (RAS) - (answer) network of nerve cells in the brain-stem that constantly
transmit environmental and sensory stimuli to and from the cerebrum. If this is damaged or becomes
dysfunctional the patient will become unconscious.
For a patient to remain awake and in a alert state what two things must be intact? - (answer) The
reticular activating system and one cerebral hemisphere.
Altered Mental Status (AMS) - (answer) Significant indication of injury or illness in a patient. May range
from simple disorientation to complete unconsciousness with no response to painful stimuli.
Coma - (answer) Defined as a patient in a unconscious state who does not response to painful stimuli.
Structural causes of AMS - (answer) defined as a result from space occupying lesion, depression or
destruction of brain tissues.
examples are brain tumor, hemorrhage, direct brain tissue damage from trauma, degenerative brain
diseases, infection or brain abscess.
Toxic-metabolic causes of AMS - (answer) defined as a result from circulating toxins or metabolites, or
lack of metabolic substances such as glucose and oxygen.
examples are severe hypoxia, anoxia, abnormal blood glucose levels, liver failure, kidney failure, and
poisoning.
Other causes of AMS - (answer) shock, drugs, post seizure, infection, stroke, and cardiac rhythm
disturbances.
Signs and symptoms of AMS due to Trauma - (answer) DCAP-BTLS, abnormal respiration pattern,
increased or decreased heart rate, unequal pupils, high or low BGL, pale/cool/moist skin, flexion or
extension, and discoloration of eyes, behind ears (late signs)
,EMT-B FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 PREPARATION TEST BANK ALL JB LEARNING QUIZZES ACTUAL EXAM 400
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Sign and Symptoms of AMS due to NON trauma or an medical condition - (answer) abnormal
respiration pattern, dry/moist skin, hot/cold skin, any abnormal pupil sizes, stiff neck, high SBP, low heart
rate, loss of bowels and bladder control, high/low BGL
neurological deficit - (answer) any deficiency in the functioning of the brain/nervous system
Non-traumatic Brain Injury example - (answer) Stroke
Ischemic Stroke - (answer) the cerebral artery is blocked
Hemorrhagic stroke - (answer) rupture of the cerebral artery causing bleeding and blood loss
Thrombotic Stroke - (answer) occurs when the cerebral artery is blocked by a clot or other foreign
matter.
a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there is called - (answer) Thrombus
is the process of the clot forming is called - (answer) Thrombosis
Embolic Stroke - (answer) when a clot or other matter traveled from one point of the body into the
cerebral artery (embolus) and occludes it (cerebral embolism) . This results in a embolic stroke.
when a clot or other matter travels from one point of the body to another - (answer) Embolus
When a Embolus lodges in a cerebral artery and occludes it - (answer) Cerebral embolism.
this results in embolic stroke.
Atherosclerosis - (answer) Build-up on artery walls that makes the artery narrow or blocks it.
,EMT-B FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 PREPARATION TEST BANK ALL JB LEARNING QUIZZES ACTUAL EXAM 400
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
hypertension - (answer) high blood pressure
Stroke most common causes - (answer) Atherosclerosis and Hypertension (H.B.P)
Vascular Headache - (answer) "migraine" dilation/distension of vessels or inflammation in cranium
Cluster headache - (answer) similar to vascular but usually on one side of the head/face, around eyes
or temporal area
Tension headache - (answer) Most common headache. due to contraction of muscles of the neck/scalp
organic/traction/inflammatory headache - (answer) due to tumors, strokes, infraction, and
inflammatory disorders
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - (answer) "MINI STROKE" same sign/symptoms as a stroke but the
difference between a stroke and TIA is that a TIA sign/symptoms will disappear w/o any neurological
issues within 24 hours. Typically less time than that such as 30 minutes to a hour.
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale - (answer) Is a test in determining if someone has had a stroke. The
three signs are facial droop, arm drift, and abnormal speech
Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) - (answer) determines if a patient has had a stroke due
to these sign, symptoms or factors.
if the patient is 45+ years, has history of seizures, is wheelchair bound/bedridden, has a BGL of 60-400
mg/dl, has facial Droop, a grip weak, and fallen down.
Widen pulse pressure - (answer) The numeric difference between the systolic and diastolic readings is
regarded as pulse pressure. For instance if the blood pressure is 120/80mmHg, then the pulse pressure is
, EMT-B FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 PREPARATION TEST BANK ALL JB LEARNING QUIZZES ACTUAL EXAM 400
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
40, which is considered as the normal pulse pressure. At times certain conditions result in widened pulse
pressure that may be problematic.
Cushing Reflex - (answer) Physiological nervous system response to increase intracranial pressure (ICP)
that results in cushing triad
Cushing Triad - (answer) Signs of increased ICP
the three signs (Triad) are hypertension (high blood pressure), bradycardia (slow heart rate), and
widening pulse pressure
seizure - (answer) sudden or temporary alteration in brain function caused by discharges in nerve cells
in the brain.
Convulsion - (answer) Jerky Muscle contraction during a seizure
Epilepsy - (answer) Chronic brain disorder which is a due to recurrent seizures
Common causes of secondary seizures - (answer) high fever, infection, poisoning, low/high blood
sugar, head trauma, shock, hypoxia, stroke, drug/alcohol withdraw, HBP, hyperthermia, unknown causes.
Status Epilepticus - (answer) repeating seizures WITHOUT a period of RESPONSIVENESS.
or
A seizure lasting more than 5 minutes
generalized tonic-clonic seizures (Grand mal seizures) - (answer) a seizure due to abnormal electrical
activity affecting the reticular activating system (RAS) causing loss of consciousness, then rigidity, muscle
convulsions, and then a recovery phase (postictal state). This seizure affects BOTH HEMISPHERES.
Signs and symptoms of Grand mal seizures - (answer) Aura, Loss of consciousness, tonic phase, hyper-
tonic phase, clonic phase, postictal phase
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Reticular Activating System (RAS) - (answer) network of nerve cells in the brain-stem that constantly
transmit environmental and sensory stimuli to and from the cerebrum. If this is damaged or becomes
dysfunctional the patient will become unconscious.
For a patient to remain awake and in a alert state what two things must be intact? - (answer) The
reticular activating system and one cerebral hemisphere.
Altered Mental Status (AMS) - (answer) Significant indication of injury or illness in a patient. May range
from simple disorientation to complete unconsciousness with no response to painful stimuli.
Coma - (answer) Defined as a patient in a unconscious state who does not response to painful stimuli.
Structural causes of AMS - (answer) defined as a result from space occupying lesion, depression or
destruction of brain tissues.
examples are brain tumor, hemorrhage, direct brain tissue damage from trauma, degenerative brain
diseases, infection or brain abscess.
Toxic-metabolic causes of AMS - (answer) defined as a result from circulating toxins or metabolites, or
lack of metabolic substances such as glucose and oxygen.
examples are severe hypoxia, anoxia, abnormal blood glucose levels, liver failure, kidney failure, and
poisoning.
Other causes of AMS - (answer) shock, drugs, post seizure, infection, stroke, and cardiac rhythm
disturbances.
Signs and symptoms of AMS due to Trauma - (answer) DCAP-BTLS, abnormal respiration pattern,
increased or decreased heart rate, unequal pupils, high or low BGL, pale/cool/moist skin, flexion or
extension, and discoloration of eyes, behind ears (late signs)
,EMT-B FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 PREPARATION TEST BANK ALL JB LEARNING QUIZZES ACTUAL EXAM 400
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Sign and Symptoms of AMS due to NON trauma or an medical condition - (answer) abnormal
respiration pattern, dry/moist skin, hot/cold skin, any abnormal pupil sizes, stiff neck, high SBP, low heart
rate, loss of bowels and bladder control, high/low BGL
neurological deficit - (answer) any deficiency in the functioning of the brain/nervous system
Non-traumatic Brain Injury example - (answer) Stroke
Ischemic Stroke - (answer) the cerebral artery is blocked
Hemorrhagic stroke - (answer) rupture of the cerebral artery causing bleeding and blood loss
Thrombotic Stroke - (answer) occurs when the cerebral artery is blocked by a clot or other foreign
matter.
a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there is called - (answer) Thrombus
is the process of the clot forming is called - (answer) Thrombosis
Embolic Stroke - (answer) when a clot or other matter traveled from one point of the body into the
cerebral artery (embolus) and occludes it (cerebral embolism) . This results in a embolic stroke.
when a clot or other matter travels from one point of the body to another - (answer) Embolus
When a Embolus lodges in a cerebral artery and occludes it - (answer) Cerebral embolism.
this results in embolic stroke.
Atherosclerosis - (answer) Build-up on artery walls that makes the artery narrow or blocks it.
,EMT-B FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 PREPARATION TEST BANK ALL JB LEARNING QUIZZES ACTUAL EXAM 400
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
hypertension - (answer) high blood pressure
Stroke most common causes - (answer) Atherosclerosis and Hypertension (H.B.P)
Vascular Headache - (answer) "migraine" dilation/distension of vessels or inflammation in cranium
Cluster headache - (answer) similar to vascular but usually on one side of the head/face, around eyes
or temporal area
Tension headache - (answer) Most common headache. due to contraction of muscles of the neck/scalp
organic/traction/inflammatory headache - (answer) due to tumors, strokes, infraction, and
inflammatory disorders
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - (answer) "MINI STROKE" same sign/symptoms as a stroke but the
difference between a stroke and TIA is that a TIA sign/symptoms will disappear w/o any neurological
issues within 24 hours. Typically less time than that such as 30 minutes to a hour.
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale - (answer) Is a test in determining if someone has had a stroke. The
three signs are facial droop, arm drift, and abnormal speech
Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) - (answer) determines if a patient has had a stroke due
to these sign, symptoms or factors.
if the patient is 45+ years, has history of seizures, is wheelchair bound/bedridden, has a BGL of 60-400
mg/dl, has facial Droop, a grip weak, and fallen down.
Widen pulse pressure - (answer) The numeric difference between the systolic and diastolic readings is
regarded as pulse pressure. For instance if the blood pressure is 120/80mmHg, then the pulse pressure is
, EMT-B FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 PREPARATION TEST BANK ALL JB LEARNING QUIZZES ACTUAL EXAM 400
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
40, which is considered as the normal pulse pressure. At times certain conditions result in widened pulse
pressure that may be problematic.
Cushing Reflex - (answer) Physiological nervous system response to increase intracranial pressure (ICP)
that results in cushing triad
Cushing Triad - (answer) Signs of increased ICP
the three signs (Triad) are hypertension (high blood pressure), bradycardia (slow heart rate), and
widening pulse pressure
seizure - (answer) sudden or temporary alteration in brain function caused by discharges in nerve cells
in the brain.
Convulsion - (answer) Jerky Muscle contraction during a seizure
Epilepsy - (answer) Chronic brain disorder which is a due to recurrent seizures
Common causes of secondary seizures - (answer) high fever, infection, poisoning, low/high blood
sugar, head trauma, shock, hypoxia, stroke, drug/alcohol withdraw, HBP, hyperthermia, unknown causes.
Status Epilepticus - (answer) repeating seizures WITHOUT a period of RESPONSIVENESS.
or
A seizure lasting more than 5 minutes
generalized tonic-clonic seizures (Grand mal seizures) - (answer) a seizure due to abnormal electrical
activity affecting the reticular activating system (RAS) causing loss of consciousness, then rigidity, muscle
convulsions, and then a recovery phase (postictal state). This seizure affects BOTH HEMISPHERES.
Signs and symptoms of Grand mal seizures - (answer) Aura, Loss of consciousness, tonic phase, hyper-
tonic phase, clonic phase, postictal phase
