JD Next Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass Graded A+
2026
What is acceptance in contract law? - answer- Assent to the terms of an offer.
How must acceptance be judged? - answer- Objectively.
Can acceptance be expressed or implied? - answer- Yes, it can be either expressly stated or
implied by the offeree's conduct.
What is required for acceptance to form a binding contract? - answer- Acceptance should be
relayed in a manner authorized, requested, or at least reasonably expected by the offeror.
Accruing - answer- To be added as a matter of periodic gain or advantage, as interest on money.
What does the term 'affirm' generally mean in a legal context? - answer- To confirm or ratify.
What happens when an appellate court affirms a ruling? - answer- The court agrees that the prior
ruling was valid and must stand as rendered.
In what context do courts and administrative boards use the term 'affirm'? - answer- To mean
'approve'.
What choice do government officials and witnesses have regarding oaths? - answer- They may
choose to 'affirm' the content of the oath rather than 'swear' to it.
Can you give an example of a situation where someone might 'affirm' an oath? - answer- The
oath of office of U.S. Senators.
,What is an allegation? - answer- A claim of fact not yet proven to be true.
In a lawsuit, where are allegations presented? - answer- In a complaint, indictment, or
affirmative defense.
What is the purpose of presenting evidence at trial in relation to allegations? - answer- To
attempt to prove the truth of the allegations.
What is an appeal in legal terms? - answer- A challenge to a previous legal determination.
To whom is an appeal directed? - answer- A legal power higher than the power making the
challenged determination.
Where can trial court determinations typically be appealed? - answer- In an appellate court.
What is the highest court in the federal system that can review appellate court rulings? - answer-
The United States Supreme Court.
Who is the person pursuing an appeal called? - answer- Appellant.
What is the term for the person defending the lower court's ruling? - answer- Appellee or
respondent.
What is an appeal of right? - answer- An appeal that the higher court must hear if the losing party
demands it.
What is a discretionary appeal? - answer- An appeal that the higher court may consider, but does
not have to.
,Can appeals originate from decisions made by executive agencies? - answer- Yes, in
administrative law, people can appeal such decisions in court.
What is an appellant? - answer- The party who appeals a lower court's decision in a higher court.
What does the appellant seek? - answer- Reversal or modification of the lower court's decision.
Who is the appellee? - answer- The party against whom the appeal is filed.
In a case where P sues D and wins, who is the appellant if D files an appeal? - answer- D is the
appellant.
If D wins the appeal and P appeals next, who becomes the appellant? - answer- P becomes the
appellant.
Arbitrary Discretion - answer- When used in reference to a judge's ruling in a court case,
arbitrary means based on individual discretion rather than a fair application of the law. For
example, finding someone guilty of a crime simply because they have a beard would be an
arbitrary decision. However, a discretionary decision is not always arbitrary. Although, the law
sometimes gives judges discretionary powers, it also requires them to act within boundaries
when applying general principles of law to the facts of a particular case. As a result, a judge
cannot act in disregard of the evidence or ignore established precedent. Such disregard would be
arbitrary.
Assent - answer- The expression of approval or agreement.
What is an assignee? - answer- A person to whom a property right is transferred by the person
holding such rights under contract.
What is the person who transfers property rights called? - answer- The assignor.
What is the act of transferring property rights called? - answer- Assigning or assignment.
, In which areas of law is the concept of assignment used? - answer- Contract and property law.
What does it mean to assume in a legal context? - answer- To undertake or take over a certain
duty or responsibility.
What is an example of assuming a debt? - answer- Alice may assume Bob's liability for a debt,
meaning she takes over Bob's debt.
Avers - answer- To state or assert to be the case.
What is the definition of an award in legal terms? - answer- A final judgment or decision.
What is usually the centerpiece of an award? - answer- A declaration that one party owes another
a certain amount of money.
Who can make decisions referred to as awards? - answer- Arbitrators, juries, and judges.
What does it mean if a bank account bears interest? - answer- The bank pays you a particular
amount of money for keeping your money in the account.
What is typically paid by a bank for keeping money in an account? - answer- Interest
What is black letter law? - answer- Basic standard rules that are generally known and free from
doubt.
How can black letter law be applied? - answer- It can be applied in a very mechanical way
without moral qualms or other considerations.
What does breach mean in legal terms? - answer- Violation of a law or contractual duty.
Answers 100% Pass Graded A+
2026
What is acceptance in contract law? - answer- Assent to the terms of an offer.
How must acceptance be judged? - answer- Objectively.
Can acceptance be expressed or implied? - answer- Yes, it can be either expressly stated or
implied by the offeree's conduct.
What is required for acceptance to form a binding contract? - answer- Acceptance should be
relayed in a manner authorized, requested, or at least reasonably expected by the offeror.
Accruing - answer- To be added as a matter of periodic gain or advantage, as interest on money.
What does the term 'affirm' generally mean in a legal context? - answer- To confirm or ratify.
What happens when an appellate court affirms a ruling? - answer- The court agrees that the prior
ruling was valid and must stand as rendered.
In what context do courts and administrative boards use the term 'affirm'? - answer- To mean
'approve'.
What choice do government officials and witnesses have regarding oaths? - answer- They may
choose to 'affirm' the content of the oath rather than 'swear' to it.
Can you give an example of a situation where someone might 'affirm' an oath? - answer- The
oath of office of U.S. Senators.
,What is an allegation? - answer- A claim of fact not yet proven to be true.
In a lawsuit, where are allegations presented? - answer- In a complaint, indictment, or
affirmative defense.
What is the purpose of presenting evidence at trial in relation to allegations? - answer- To
attempt to prove the truth of the allegations.
What is an appeal in legal terms? - answer- A challenge to a previous legal determination.
To whom is an appeal directed? - answer- A legal power higher than the power making the
challenged determination.
Where can trial court determinations typically be appealed? - answer- In an appellate court.
What is the highest court in the federal system that can review appellate court rulings? - answer-
The United States Supreme Court.
Who is the person pursuing an appeal called? - answer- Appellant.
What is the term for the person defending the lower court's ruling? - answer- Appellee or
respondent.
What is an appeal of right? - answer- An appeal that the higher court must hear if the losing party
demands it.
What is a discretionary appeal? - answer- An appeal that the higher court may consider, but does
not have to.
,Can appeals originate from decisions made by executive agencies? - answer- Yes, in
administrative law, people can appeal such decisions in court.
What is an appellant? - answer- The party who appeals a lower court's decision in a higher court.
What does the appellant seek? - answer- Reversal or modification of the lower court's decision.
Who is the appellee? - answer- The party against whom the appeal is filed.
In a case where P sues D and wins, who is the appellant if D files an appeal? - answer- D is the
appellant.
If D wins the appeal and P appeals next, who becomes the appellant? - answer- P becomes the
appellant.
Arbitrary Discretion - answer- When used in reference to a judge's ruling in a court case,
arbitrary means based on individual discretion rather than a fair application of the law. For
example, finding someone guilty of a crime simply because they have a beard would be an
arbitrary decision. However, a discretionary decision is not always arbitrary. Although, the law
sometimes gives judges discretionary powers, it also requires them to act within boundaries
when applying general principles of law to the facts of a particular case. As a result, a judge
cannot act in disregard of the evidence or ignore established precedent. Such disregard would be
arbitrary.
Assent - answer- The expression of approval or agreement.
What is an assignee? - answer- A person to whom a property right is transferred by the person
holding such rights under contract.
What is the person who transfers property rights called? - answer- The assignor.
What is the act of transferring property rights called? - answer- Assigning or assignment.
, In which areas of law is the concept of assignment used? - answer- Contract and property law.
What does it mean to assume in a legal context? - answer- To undertake or take over a certain
duty or responsibility.
What is an example of assuming a debt? - answer- Alice may assume Bob's liability for a debt,
meaning she takes over Bob's debt.
Avers - answer- To state or assert to be the case.
What is the definition of an award in legal terms? - answer- A final judgment or decision.
What is usually the centerpiece of an award? - answer- A declaration that one party owes another
a certain amount of money.
Who can make decisions referred to as awards? - answer- Arbitrators, juries, and judges.
What does it mean if a bank account bears interest? - answer- The bank pays you a particular
amount of money for keeping your money in the account.
What is typically paid by a bank for keeping money in an account? - answer- Interest
What is black letter law? - answer- Basic standard rules that are generally known and free from
doubt.
How can black letter law be applied? - answer- It can be applied in a very mechanical way
without moral qualms or other considerations.
What does breach mean in legal terms? - answer- Violation of a law or contractual duty.
