Fundamentals Of Human Physiology Exam 3 Uiowa Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Fundamentals Of Human Physiology Exam 3 Uiowa Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct muscle control of muscle tension - ANSWER -properties of skeletal muscles how many fibers what kind length of fiber at contraction onset extent of fatigue cross section fiber recruitment of motor units - ANSWER -adapting the number of active motor units little fibers for delicate movements and lots of fibers for powerful movements length of skeletal muscles in relation to tension - ANSWER -shortened muscles can't develop as much tension (less actin / myosin overlap) velocity - ANSWER -not necessarily more tension but going faster slow-oxidative pathway - ANSWER -type 1 slow energy from oxidative phosphorylation red in color fast-oxidative glycolytic - ANSWER -type 2a fast uses glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pink in color fast glycolytic - ANSWER -type 2x fast uses glycolysis white in color order or recruitment for skeletal muscles - ANSWER -always start with type 1 if want to go faster/ heavier, used type 2x LAST fatigue - ANSWER -decline in muscle tension as a result of previous contractile action neural stimulation continues fatigue depends on - ANSWER -type of skeletal muscle intensity and duration individual fitness fatigue factors - ANSWER -internal acidity K+ accumulation glycogen depletion reduced SR caldium release fatigue of brain adaptations to endurance training - ANSWER -increased ability to use fatty acids as fuel increased triglyceride storage increased capillary density increase number of mitochondria increase in krebs cycle enymes increase in strength adaptations to resistance training - ANSWER -promotes hypertrophy of fast glycolytic fibers more protein creatine phosphate - ANSWER -subtracting muscle utilized at onset of contractile activity limited by CP reserves broken down and uses energy to phosphorylate hypertrophy - ANSWER -enlargement of organ from increase in cell size atrophy - ANSWER -muscles waste away from decrease in use function of muscle spindle - ANSWER -sense muscle length at keep at optimal length purpose of muscle spindle - ANSWER -resist tendency for passive stretch of muscles by gravity forces when person is upright patellar knee jerk is mediated by - ANSWER -muscle spindles golgi tendon organs - ANSWER -space between muscle and tendon senses muscle tension and keeps from ripping and tearing inhibitory synapse on motor neurons of - ANSWER -contracting muscle excitatory synapses on motor neurons of - ANSWER -ipsilateral antagonists gamma activation - ANSWER -intrafusal contraction alpha activation - ANSWER -extrafusal contraction myocardium - ANSWER -mass of cardiac muscle cells connected to each other via gap junctions AP that occur at any cell in myocardium stimulate all cells function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells - ANSWER -allow AP to reach all sells so myocardium can act as single functional unit single unit smooth muscle - ANSWER -cells are electrically linked by gap junctions and act as one single unit multiunit smooth muscle - ANSWER -no gap junctions autonomic nervous system stimulates by releasing neurotransmitters to separate units smooth muscle structure - ANSWER -no troponin thick myosin filaments thin actin filaments w/ tropomyosin intermediate filaments form back of cytoskeletal framework excitation- contraction coupling in smooth muscles - ANSWER -rise of calcium levels calcium binds to calmodulin activates myosin light chain kinase phosphorylates myosin light chains phosphorylated myosin forms cross bridges with actin to initiate contraction