BIOD 101 Final Exam Study Guide 2025: Comprehensive Biology Review

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BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026

QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

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Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:


Nucleus .....Answer.....contains DNA and serves as the control

center of the cell


Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:


Ribosomes .....Answer.....tiny manufacturing plants that assemble

proteins


Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:


Smooth ER .....Answer.....synthesizes lipids

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Explain the function of each of the following in the cell:


Rough ER .....Answer.....modifies and transports proteins derived

from the rbosomes that are found along its surface


a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.


b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found

in DNA and what are the corresponding types that are found in

RNA? .....Answer.....a. sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base


b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine,

cytosine, thymine


RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine,

uracil


What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA?

.....Answer.....1. DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA is ribose

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2. DNA: thymine


RNA: uracil


3. DNA: double stranded helix


RNA: single strand


DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description,

what two parts of a DNA nucleotide form the uprights? What

part forms the rungs? .....Answer.....The uprights are the sugar

phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.


Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration

condensation. .....Answer.....During dehydration condensation

biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block

monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.

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Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during

hydrolysis when a water molecule is added and energy is

released.


Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid,

protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of each.


GLUCOSE .....Answer.....Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred

to as blood sugar in humans and animals


Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid,

protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of each.




Starch .....Answer.....Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store

glucose