Anatomy Mid term review - 2020
Midterm Review Guide Bio 110
Definitions of:
1. Surface anatomy: superficial anatomical markings.
2. Histology: Study of tissue.
3. Embryology: study of embryo and its early development.
4. Regional anatomy: study of structure of specific area of the body. (Head, neck, or trunk).
5. Dorsal: back.
6. Ventral: front, anterior.
7. Proximal: toward the attached base.
8. Distal: away from the attached base.
9. Median plane: or Sagittal plane, divides body equally into right and left division.
10. Ligament: connective tissue fibers that attach one bone to another.
11. Cartilage: connective tissue with gelatinous matrix and an abundance of fibers. Protects the ends of long bones.
Structural components of rib cage, ears, nose, branchial tubes, intervertebral disc, etc.
12. Aponeurosis: connective tissue sheath, connect muscle to muscle.
13. Physiology: study of how body function.
14. Pathology: the study of disease
15. Radiology: method of visualizing internal structures using various forms of radiation.
16. Metabolism: all biochemical process within human body.
17. Secretion: secreted from cells
18. Anatomical position: Standing w/ feet flat on the floor, hands at the side, palms are facing forward.
19. Excretion: removal of wastes from blood, tissues, or organs.
20. Absorption: the active or passive uptake of gases, fluids, or solutes.
21. Cubital fossa: front of elbow (elbow pit)
22. Popliteal fossa: shallow depression located at the back of knee joint.
23. Plasmalemma: also called cell membrane. Semipermeable, and phospholipid bilayer. Distribute materials by
diffusion. Made of: Phospholipid, Glycolipid, Protein, and cholesterol.
24. Cytosol: fluid portion of cytoplasm.
25. Where pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found? Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and portions of
male reproductive tract.
26. What is glycocalyx? Superficial coating of plasma membrane, made of glycolipid and glycoprotein.
, 27. What are: Diffusion, osmosis, active transport?
▪ Osmosis: Movement of water from low to high solute concentration.
▪ Diffusion: movement of solutes from area of high to low concentration.
▪ Active Transport: the movement of solutes across plasma membrane with the help of protein
transport.
28. What are the functions of plasmalemma?
• Physical isolation of the cell
• Regulation of exchange with environment
• Sensitivity
• Cell to cell communication, adhesion, and structural support.
29. Levels of organization cell atoms to organ:
Chemical/ molecular/ atom > Cell > Tissue > Organ >Organ System > Organism
30. What is the function of intracellular organelles?
Internal structures of cell. Each organelle has specific function within the cell.
31. Primary site for blood cell production: bone marrow/ skeletal system.
32. 4 Basic types of tissue and examples of each: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Neural.
33. How many cavities in the body, how many anterior and posterior, (diagram in chapter 1)
• Posterior Cavity: Cranial and Spinal cavity.
• Anterior(Ventral) Cavity:
a. Thoracic Cavity: Pleural Cavity (lungs); Pericardial Cavity (heart); Mediastinal Cavity (space between
the apex of the lungs).
b. Abdominopelvic Cavity: Abdominal cavity (digestive glands and organs); Pelvic Cavity (urinary
bladder, reproductive organs, and last portion of digestive tract).
34. Location of latissimus dorsi muscle and Platysma.
• Lattisimus dorsi: large triangular muscle found on lumbar region and lower thorax.
• Platysma: found on the anterior surface of neck, extending from the side of neck to the periosteum
of the mandible and the fascia corners of the mouth.
35. Layers of dermis and epidermis: Dermis consist of Papillary and reticular layer.
Midterm Review Guide Bio 110
Definitions of:
1. Surface anatomy: superficial anatomical markings.
2. Histology: Study of tissue.
3. Embryology: study of embryo and its early development.
4. Regional anatomy: study of structure of specific area of the body. (Head, neck, or trunk).
5. Dorsal: back.
6. Ventral: front, anterior.
7. Proximal: toward the attached base.
8. Distal: away from the attached base.
9. Median plane: or Sagittal plane, divides body equally into right and left division.
10. Ligament: connective tissue fibers that attach one bone to another.
11. Cartilage: connective tissue with gelatinous matrix and an abundance of fibers. Protects the ends of long bones.
Structural components of rib cage, ears, nose, branchial tubes, intervertebral disc, etc.
12. Aponeurosis: connective tissue sheath, connect muscle to muscle.
13. Physiology: study of how body function.
14. Pathology: the study of disease
15. Radiology: method of visualizing internal structures using various forms of radiation.
16. Metabolism: all biochemical process within human body.
17. Secretion: secreted from cells
18. Anatomical position: Standing w/ feet flat on the floor, hands at the side, palms are facing forward.
19. Excretion: removal of wastes from blood, tissues, or organs.
20. Absorption: the active or passive uptake of gases, fluids, or solutes.
21. Cubital fossa: front of elbow (elbow pit)
22. Popliteal fossa: shallow depression located at the back of knee joint.
23. Plasmalemma: also called cell membrane. Semipermeable, and phospholipid bilayer. Distribute materials by
diffusion. Made of: Phospholipid, Glycolipid, Protein, and cholesterol.
24. Cytosol: fluid portion of cytoplasm.
25. Where pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found? Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and portions of
male reproductive tract.
26. What is glycocalyx? Superficial coating of plasma membrane, made of glycolipid and glycoprotein.
, 27. What are: Diffusion, osmosis, active transport?
▪ Osmosis: Movement of water from low to high solute concentration.
▪ Diffusion: movement of solutes from area of high to low concentration.
▪ Active Transport: the movement of solutes across plasma membrane with the help of protein
transport.
28. What are the functions of plasmalemma?
• Physical isolation of the cell
• Regulation of exchange with environment
• Sensitivity
• Cell to cell communication, adhesion, and structural support.
29. Levels of organization cell atoms to organ:
Chemical/ molecular/ atom > Cell > Tissue > Organ >Organ System > Organism
30. What is the function of intracellular organelles?
Internal structures of cell. Each organelle has specific function within the cell.
31. Primary site for blood cell production: bone marrow/ skeletal system.
32. 4 Basic types of tissue and examples of each: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Neural.
33. How many cavities in the body, how many anterior and posterior, (diagram in chapter 1)
• Posterior Cavity: Cranial and Spinal cavity.
• Anterior(Ventral) Cavity:
a. Thoracic Cavity: Pleural Cavity (lungs); Pericardial Cavity (heart); Mediastinal Cavity (space between
the apex of the lungs).
b. Abdominopelvic Cavity: Abdominal cavity (digestive glands and organs); Pelvic Cavity (urinary
bladder, reproductive organs, and last portion of digestive tract).
34. Location of latissimus dorsi muscle and Platysma.
• Lattisimus dorsi: large triangular muscle found on lumbar region and lower thorax.
• Platysma: found on the anterior surface of neck, extending from the side of neck to the periosteum
of the mandible and the fascia corners of the mouth.
35. Layers of dermis and epidermis: Dermis consist of Papillary and reticular layer.
