Psych Chapter 8 Learning questions
1. learning: enduring change in behavior that occurs with experience
2. association: when you experience one object or situation that is linked with another
- examples : bells to call starting or smells to powerful memories
3. conditioning: a behavior becomes more likely due to association with events that occur in the organism's
environment
4. classical conditioning: learning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus to
which the learner has an automatic, inborn response
5. ivan pavlov and with studying digestion in dogs: who discovered classical conditioning and
how?
6. unconditioned response: describe automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus
7. unconditioned stimulus: environmental input (meat powder) that always produced the same unlearned,
involuntary response (salivation)
1/3
, 8. conditioned stimulus: previously neutral stimulus that an organism learns to associate with the UCS
9. conditioned response: behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with CS alone
10. stimulus generalization: extension of the association between UCS and CS to a broad array of similar
stimuli
11. stimulus diiscrimination: occurs when CR occurs only to exactly the stimulus to which it was conditioned
12. extinction: weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
13. spontaneous recovery: sudden reappearance of an extinguished response
14. law of effect: consequences of a behavior increase/decrease the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
15. operant conditioning: process of modifying behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior
16. reinforcer: any internal or external event that increases the frequency of a behavior
17. primary reinforcer: not learned, innate and often satisfy biological needs
examples : food, water, sex, and even artificial sweeteners
2/3
1. learning: enduring change in behavior that occurs with experience
2. association: when you experience one object or situation that is linked with another
- examples : bells to call starting or smells to powerful memories
3. conditioning: a behavior becomes more likely due to association with events that occur in the organism's
environment
4. classical conditioning: learning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus to
which the learner has an automatic, inborn response
5. ivan pavlov and with studying digestion in dogs: who discovered classical conditioning and
how?
6. unconditioned response: describe automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus
7. unconditioned stimulus: environmental input (meat powder) that always produced the same unlearned,
involuntary response (salivation)
1/3
, 8. conditioned stimulus: previously neutral stimulus that an organism learns to associate with the UCS
9. conditioned response: behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with CS alone
10. stimulus generalization: extension of the association between UCS and CS to a broad array of similar
stimuli
11. stimulus diiscrimination: occurs when CR occurs only to exactly the stimulus to which it was conditioned
12. extinction: weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response
13. spontaneous recovery: sudden reappearance of an extinguished response
14. law of effect: consequences of a behavior increase/decrease the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
15. operant conditioning: process of modifying behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior
16. reinforcer: any internal or external event that increases the frequency of a behavior
17. primary reinforcer: not learned, innate and often satisfy biological needs
examples : food, water, sex, and even artificial sweeteners
2/3
