Test 2 NR545-14176 Questions and
Answers
sneezing is associated with - ANS-inflammation or foreign material in the nasal
passages
a constant dry or unproductive cough is fatiguing because it interferes with sleep, and
the respiratory muscles are used excessively - ANS-cough suppressant medications
e.g. codeine or dextromethorphan
a productive cough usually occurs when secretions or inflammatory exudate accumulate
in the lungs. Excess secretions may become infected and tend to obstruct the airways. -
ANS-it is helpful in such cases to increase fluid intake to keep the secretions thin and
easy to remove. an expectorant medication e.g. quaifenesin or the use of a humidifier
also may assist in removing secretions
sputum or mucoid discharge from the respiratory tract may have significant
characteristics depending on the abnormality causing it - ANS-normal secretions are
relatively thin, clear, and colorless or cream color
yellowish green, cloudy thick mucus - ANS-bacterial infection
large amounts of purulent sputum with foul odor - ANS-bronchiectasis
thick, tenacious mucus - ANS-patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis; blood-tinged
secretions may result from a chronic cough and irritation that causes rupture of
superficial capillaries, but it may also be a sign of a tumor or tuberculosis
hemoptysis is blood tinged frothy sputum - ANS-pulmonary edema
hematemesis - ANS-vomitus containing blood and is usually granular and dark in color
normal rate of breathing - ANS-10-18 inspirations per minute
kussmaul respirations - ANS-deep rapid respirations or "air hunger" are typical of a
state of acidosis or may follow strenuous exercise
bronchopneumonia occurs as scattered small patches, and is caused by multiple
bacteria. it is characterized with inflammation and purulent exudate in alveoli often
arising from prior pooled secretions or irritation - ANS-it has a insidious onset and s/s
include mild fever, productive cough with yellow-green sputum and dyspnea
, intersitial penumonia occurs as scattered in small patches, and is caused by influenza
virus and mycoplasma. it is characterized with interstitial inflammation around alveoli
with necrosis of bronchial epithelium - ANS-it has a variable onset and s/s include
variable fever, headache, aching muscle, and nonproductive hacking cough
treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia involves administration of antibacterial
medications such as penicillin in combination with supportive measures such as fluids,
drugs to reduce fever, and oxygen. - ANS-pneumococcal vaccine is recommended
particularly for the elderly and those at risk because of other disease
children with congenital anomalies such as a cleft palate or tracheoesophagel fistula are
at risk for - ANS-aspiration until surgical repair takes place
adults frequently aspirate food or fluid, especially when combining eating with talking at
social events. - ANS-Alcohol intake depresses protective reflexes
labored respirations or prolonged inspiration or expiration - ANS-obstruction of the
airways
wheezing or whistling sounds indicate - ANS-obstruction in the small airways
stridor a high pitched crowing noise - ANS-upper airway obstruction
rales and rhonchi are abnormal breathing sounds resulting from air mixing with
excessive secretions in the lungs - ANS-rales are light bubbly of crackling sounds
associated with serous secretions.
rhonchi are deeper and harsher sounds resulting from thicker mucus
absence of breathing sounds indicates nonaeration or collapse of a lung
dyspnea is a subjective feeling of discomfort that occurs when a person feels unable to
inhale enough air - ANS-it may be manifested as breathlessness or shortness of breath,
either with exertion or at rest
severe dyspnea may be accompanied by flaring of the nostrils - ANS-use of the
accessory respiratory muscles or retraction of the muscles between or above the ribs
orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down - ANS-pulmonary
congestion develops as more blood pools in the lungs when the person lies down and
also as the abdominal contents push upward against the lungs.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a sudden acute type of dyspnea common in patients
with left-sided heart failure - ANS-during sleep the body fluid is redistributed, leading to
pulmonary edema and the individual wakes up gasping for air and coughing
Answers
sneezing is associated with - ANS-inflammation or foreign material in the nasal
passages
a constant dry or unproductive cough is fatiguing because it interferes with sleep, and
the respiratory muscles are used excessively - ANS-cough suppressant medications
e.g. codeine or dextromethorphan
a productive cough usually occurs when secretions or inflammatory exudate accumulate
in the lungs. Excess secretions may become infected and tend to obstruct the airways. -
ANS-it is helpful in such cases to increase fluid intake to keep the secretions thin and
easy to remove. an expectorant medication e.g. quaifenesin or the use of a humidifier
also may assist in removing secretions
sputum or mucoid discharge from the respiratory tract may have significant
characteristics depending on the abnormality causing it - ANS-normal secretions are
relatively thin, clear, and colorless or cream color
yellowish green, cloudy thick mucus - ANS-bacterial infection
large amounts of purulent sputum with foul odor - ANS-bronchiectasis
thick, tenacious mucus - ANS-patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis; blood-tinged
secretions may result from a chronic cough and irritation that causes rupture of
superficial capillaries, but it may also be a sign of a tumor or tuberculosis
hemoptysis is blood tinged frothy sputum - ANS-pulmonary edema
hematemesis - ANS-vomitus containing blood and is usually granular and dark in color
normal rate of breathing - ANS-10-18 inspirations per minute
kussmaul respirations - ANS-deep rapid respirations or "air hunger" are typical of a
state of acidosis or may follow strenuous exercise
bronchopneumonia occurs as scattered small patches, and is caused by multiple
bacteria. it is characterized with inflammation and purulent exudate in alveoli often
arising from prior pooled secretions or irritation - ANS-it has a insidious onset and s/s
include mild fever, productive cough with yellow-green sputum and dyspnea
, intersitial penumonia occurs as scattered in small patches, and is caused by influenza
virus and mycoplasma. it is characterized with interstitial inflammation around alveoli
with necrosis of bronchial epithelium - ANS-it has a variable onset and s/s include
variable fever, headache, aching muscle, and nonproductive hacking cough
treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia involves administration of antibacterial
medications such as penicillin in combination with supportive measures such as fluids,
drugs to reduce fever, and oxygen. - ANS-pneumococcal vaccine is recommended
particularly for the elderly and those at risk because of other disease
children with congenital anomalies such as a cleft palate or tracheoesophagel fistula are
at risk for - ANS-aspiration until surgical repair takes place
adults frequently aspirate food or fluid, especially when combining eating with talking at
social events. - ANS-Alcohol intake depresses protective reflexes
labored respirations or prolonged inspiration or expiration - ANS-obstruction of the
airways
wheezing or whistling sounds indicate - ANS-obstruction in the small airways
stridor a high pitched crowing noise - ANS-upper airway obstruction
rales and rhonchi are abnormal breathing sounds resulting from air mixing with
excessive secretions in the lungs - ANS-rales are light bubbly of crackling sounds
associated with serous secretions.
rhonchi are deeper and harsher sounds resulting from thicker mucus
absence of breathing sounds indicates nonaeration or collapse of a lung
dyspnea is a subjective feeling of discomfort that occurs when a person feels unable to
inhale enough air - ANS-it may be manifested as breathlessness or shortness of breath,
either with exertion or at rest
severe dyspnea may be accompanied by flaring of the nostrils - ANS-use of the
accessory respiratory muscles or retraction of the muscles between or above the ribs
orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down - ANS-pulmonary
congestion develops as more blood pools in the lungs when the person lies down and
also as the abdominal contents push upward against the lungs.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a sudden acute type of dyspnea common in patients
with left-sided heart failure - ANS-during sleep the body fluid is redistributed, leading to
pulmonary edema and the individual wakes up gasping for air and coughing
