CFI Oral Exam Guide #1 - FOI's(Correctly solved)
What is the definition of human behavior? correct answersHuman behavior is the product of
factors that cause people to act in predictable ways.
Control of human behavior involves understanding human needs. What are these basic needs,
and how are they important to the instructor-student relationship? correct answersPSBECAS
Physiological
The need for air, food, and water
Security
The need to feel safe
Belonging
The need of association
Esteem
The need of self-respect and respect from others
Cognitive
The need to understand what is going on
Aesthetic
Needs connect directly with human emotions
Self-Actualization
A person's need to be and do that which the person was "born to do"
What are defense mechanisms? correct answersSubconscious ego-protecting reactions to
unpleasant situations.
Explain the eight common defense mechanisms correct answersDR DR FCPR
Denial
Refusal to acknowledge what has happened, is happening, or will happen
Repression
Placing uncomfortable thoughts into inaccessible areas of the unconscious mind
Displacement
An unconscious shift of emotion from the original object to a less-threatening substitute
Rationalization
Justifying actions that otherwise would be unacceptable
Fantasy
,Daydreaming about how things should be rather than doing anything about how things are
Compensation
Attempt to disguise an undesirable quality by emphasizing a more positive one
Projection
Dismissing the blame for one's shortcomings and mistakes to others
Reaction Formation
Faking a belief opposite to the true belief because the true belief causes anxiety
What is the definition of anxiety and why is a student's anxiety of concern to an instructor?
correct answersAnxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about something that
is going to happen - typically something with an uncertain outcome. It may effect the student's
ability to learn from perceptions.
How can an instructor help students counter their anxieties? correct answersAnxiety can be
countered by reinforcing the student's enjoyment of flying and by teaching them to cope with
their fears - treat fears as a normal reaction.
What are normal reactions to stress? correct answersThe student responds rapidly and exactly
within the limits of their experience and training.
What are abnormal reactions to stress? correct answersPRESIM
Painstaking self-control
Rapid changes in emotion
Extreme over-cooperation
Severe anger directed toward the instructor
Inappropriate laughter or singing
Marked changes in mood on different lessons
What are the three basic elements of communication? correct answersSSR
Source
Symbol
Receiver
Explain the three characteristics that instructors must understand about their students before
effective communication can take place? correct answersAAE
Abilities
Attitudes
Experiences
What are the barriers to effective communication? correct answersCOIL
, Confusion between symbol and symbolized object
Overuse of abstractions
Interference
Lack of common experience
How can flight instructors develop their instructional communication skills? correct
answersLIQIR
Listening
Instructional Communication
Questioning
Instructional Enhancement
Role Playing
Name several techniques instructors can use to become better at listening to their students.
correct answersDo not interrupt
Do not judge
Think before answering
Be close enough to hear
Watch non-verbal behavior
Beware of biases
Look for underlying feelings
Concentrate
Avoid rehearsing answers while listening
Do not insist on the last word
What is the definition of the term "learning theory"? correct answersLearning theory is the body
of principles that explain how people acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes.
How can you tell if your student has "learned" what you have taught? correct answersLearning
can be defined as a change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. If a change in
the student's behavior has not occurred, then the student probably has not learned what was
taught.
Modern learning theories grew out of two concepts of how people learn: behaviorism and
cognitive theory. Explain these two concepts. correct answersBehaviorism
Human behavior can be predicted based on past rewards and punishments
Cognitive Theory
Focuses on the process of thinking and learning - Learning is not just a change in behavior; it is a
change in the way the learner thinks, understands, or feels
Why are perceptions so important to learning? correct answersPerceptions result when a person
gives meaning to external stimuli or sensations. Initially, all learning comes from perceptions,
which are directed to the brain by one or more of the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and
What is the definition of human behavior? correct answersHuman behavior is the product of
factors that cause people to act in predictable ways.
Control of human behavior involves understanding human needs. What are these basic needs,
and how are they important to the instructor-student relationship? correct answersPSBECAS
Physiological
The need for air, food, and water
Security
The need to feel safe
Belonging
The need of association
Esteem
The need of self-respect and respect from others
Cognitive
The need to understand what is going on
Aesthetic
Needs connect directly with human emotions
Self-Actualization
A person's need to be and do that which the person was "born to do"
What are defense mechanisms? correct answersSubconscious ego-protecting reactions to
unpleasant situations.
Explain the eight common defense mechanisms correct answersDR DR FCPR
Denial
Refusal to acknowledge what has happened, is happening, or will happen
Repression
Placing uncomfortable thoughts into inaccessible areas of the unconscious mind
Displacement
An unconscious shift of emotion from the original object to a less-threatening substitute
Rationalization
Justifying actions that otherwise would be unacceptable
Fantasy
,Daydreaming about how things should be rather than doing anything about how things are
Compensation
Attempt to disguise an undesirable quality by emphasizing a more positive one
Projection
Dismissing the blame for one's shortcomings and mistakes to others
Reaction Formation
Faking a belief opposite to the true belief because the true belief causes anxiety
What is the definition of anxiety and why is a student's anxiety of concern to an instructor?
correct answersAnxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about something that
is going to happen - typically something with an uncertain outcome. It may effect the student's
ability to learn from perceptions.
How can an instructor help students counter their anxieties? correct answersAnxiety can be
countered by reinforcing the student's enjoyment of flying and by teaching them to cope with
their fears - treat fears as a normal reaction.
What are normal reactions to stress? correct answersThe student responds rapidly and exactly
within the limits of their experience and training.
What are abnormal reactions to stress? correct answersPRESIM
Painstaking self-control
Rapid changes in emotion
Extreme over-cooperation
Severe anger directed toward the instructor
Inappropriate laughter or singing
Marked changes in mood on different lessons
What are the three basic elements of communication? correct answersSSR
Source
Symbol
Receiver
Explain the three characteristics that instructors must understand about their students before
effective communication can take place? correct answersAAE
Abilities
Attitudes
Experiences
What are the barriers to effective communication? correct answersCOIL
, Confusion between symbol and symbolized object
Overuse of abstractions
Interference
Lack of common experience
How can flight instructors develop their instructional communication skills? correct
answersLIQIR
Listening
Instructional Communication
Questioning
Instructional Enhancement
Role Playing
Name several techniques instructors can use to become better at listening to their students.
correct answersDo not interrupt
Do not judge
Think before answering
Be close enough to hear
Watch non-verbal behavior
Beware of biases
Look for underlying feelings
Concentrate
Avoid rehearsing answers while listening
Do not insist on the last word
What is the definition of the term "learning theory"? correct answersLearning theory is the body
of principles that explain how people acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes.
How can you tell if your student has "learned" what you have taught? correct answersLearning
can be defined as a change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience. If a change in
the student's behavior has not occurred, then the student probably has not learned what was
taught.
Modern learning theories grew out of two concepts of how people learn: behaviorism and
cognitive theory. Explain these two concepts. correct answersBehaviorism
Human behavior can be predicted based on past rewards and punishments
Cognitive Theory
Focuses on the process of thinking and learning - Learning is not just a change in behavior; it is a
change in the way the learner thinks, understands, or feels
Why are perceptions so important to learning? correct answersPerceptions result when a person
gives meaning to external stimuli or sensations. Initially, all learning comes from perceptions,
which are directed to the brain by one or more of the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and
