Infant and Childhood Development: Final Exam Multiple Choices Questions And Correct Answers.

ch 10: Empathy ________ a sympathetic, prosocial behavior because ________. - correct answers does not always prompt; poor emotion regulators can be overwhelmed by their feelings when faced with someone in need Four-year-old Rayna says, "I'm Rayna. I'm a girl. I can run fast. I like yellow." Her statements show that Rayna is beginning to develop ________. - correct answers a self-concept Four children in LaShonda's preschool class act out a make-believe theme during their preschool's dramatic play period. They are engaging in ________. - correct answers cooperative play During associative play, ________. - correct answers children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one another's behavior Four-year-old Nancy, whose birth sex is female, strongly identifies as a boy and has experienced substantial distress related to gender identity. Nancy is experiencing ________. - correct answers gender dysphoria Which statement about the V-chip is true? - correct answers It is mandated in all new TV sets sold in the United States. Research on child maltreatment shows that ________. - correct answers abuse depends more strongly on parental characteristics than on characteristics of the child Which conclusion is supported by research on aggression? - correct answers In early childhood, verbal aggression gradually replaces physical aggression. Research on friendships shows that __________. - correct answerschildren who begin kindergarten with friends in their class adjust to school more favorably A study comparing the storytelling practices of Irish-American families in Chicago and Chinese families in Taiwan found that ________ parents were more likely to ________. - correct answersChinese parents; tell stories about the child's misdeeds Which statement about the judicial system and child maltreatment is true? - correct answersIn the United States, government intervention into family life is viewed as a last resort. DeShawn's parents frequently interrupt him, ridicule his ideas, and withdraw their affection when DeShawn makes choices they disagree with. These tactics are typical of the ________ style of child rearing. - correct answersauthoritarian Gary, who is extremely active and impulsive, is difficult for his parents to control. His parents, in turn, are emotionally negative toward Gary and tend to use harsh, inconsistent discipline. As a result of this pattern of interaction, Gary is likely to ________. - correct answerssee hostile intent where it does not exist Research on gender typing collected in diverse countries demonstrates that teachers ________. - correct answersgive more overall attention (both positive and negative) to boys than to girls During early childhood, children's gender-stereotyped beliefs ________. - correct answersstrengthen so much that many children apply them as blanket rules that should not be violated In the sandbox, Amelia makes a pie while Franklin pours sand from one container into another. The children talk and pass tools back and forth. They are engaged in ________. - correct answersassociative play Four-year-old Cain watches an adult dress a boy doll in girl's clothing. Cain is likely to insist that the doll is ________. - correct answersnow a girl Larissa, age 3, often plays alone. Her parents should be concerned if she ________. - correct answersengages in functional play involving repetitive motor actions Parents typically give their sons toys that emphasize ________. - correct answerscompetition Which statement about cultural differences in play is true? - correct answersPreference for solitary activities is associated with poor academic development in cultures that value interdependence over independence. Which statement about interventions designed to teach social problem solving is true? - correct answersThey yield consistent gains in children's social competence. Preschoolers typically do not realize that ________. - correct answerscharacteristics associated with one's sex do not determine whether a person is male or female According to social learning theory, ________. - correct answersmoral behavior is acquired through modeling Preschoolers' earliest descriptions of themselves are more likely to include accounts of their ________ than their ________. - correct answersphysical appearance; psychological characteristics Current research indicates that Freud was correct in concluding that ________. - correct answersguilt is an important motivator of moral action ch 11: A study of projected obesity rates for selected industrialized nations predicted higher adult rates of obesity ________ - correct answersamong all nations in the study, with rates in the United States higher than those of any other nation After age 8, girls ________. - correct answersbegin accumulating fat at a faster rate Which statement about obesity rates is true? - correct answersIn developing countries, obesity risk tends to be greater for higher-SES families. Chronic stress triggers ________, which in turn frequently induces a raging appetite and subsequent weight gain. - correct answersinsulin resistance Fifteen percent of U.S. school-age children suffer from nocturnal enuresis, which refers to ________. - correct answersbedwetting during the night Which of the following statements about chronically ill children is true? - correct answersA strong link exists between good family functioning and child well being for chronically ill children Which statement about children's understanding of health is true? - correct answersMaintaining health is seldom an important goal for most school-age children, who feel good most of the time. Compared with past generations, children today spend less time ________. - correct answersengaged in informal outdoor play Children from economically advantaged homes are at their healthiest in ________. - correct answersmiddle childhood When neurotransmitters are not present in appropriate balances, children may suffer from serious developmental problems such as epilepsy, which is characterized by ________. - correct answersbrain seizures and loss of motor control Which statement about malocclusion is true? - correct answersit is a condition where the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly At age 6, Ofelia probably ________. - correct answerscan print the alphabet and numbers 1 through 10 with reasonable clarity During middle childhood, the bones of the body ________. - correct answerslengthen and broaden Without effective teaching, children readily generalize their knowledge of familiar health conditions to less familiar ones. For example, they may ________. - correct answersunderstand risk factors for getting a cold but conclude that all diseases are contagious Which statement about joining community athletic teams is true? - correct answersFor most children, it is associated with increased self-esteem and social skills. Which statement about the causes of obesity is true? - correct answersObese children's maladaptive eating habits result in greater responsiveness to external stimuli associated with food. Which factor plays the largest role in accounting for boys' superiority in gross-motor skills? - correct answersthe social environment Adam and Philip occasionally wrestle, roll, hit, and run after one another, alternating roles while smiling and laughing. Adam and Philip are engaged in __________ play. - correct answersrough-and-tumble Which statement about trends in obesity is true? - correct answersThe largest population weight gains in the past four decades have occurred in Canada, Mexico, England, and the United States. The most effective treatment for enuresis is ________. - correct answersa urine alarm ch 12: Metalinguistic awareness refers to the ability to ________. - correct answersthink about language as a system In two investigations, African-American children adopted into economically well-off European-American homes during the first year of life ________. - correct answersattained mean IQs of 110 and 117 by middle childhood In Enrique's fourth-grade class, the teacher asks the children to attend to their own breathing or to manipulate an object held behind their backs while noticing how it feels. Enrique's teacher is using ________ training to enhance children's ________. - correct answersmindfulness; executive function Which statement about delayed school entry and school readiness is true? - correct answersThere are few long-term academic or social benefits for delaying school entry. When studying for a test, Peter remembers the unrelated words cellular and canine by generating the following mental image, "The canine is talking on a cellular phone." Which memory strategy is Peter using? - correct answerselaboration A child in the concrete operational stage will have the most trouble understanding ________. - correct answersabstract ideas Miguel is bilingual. He sometimes speaks sentences in English that contain one or more Spanish words without violating the grammar of either language. Miguel engages in ________. - correct answerscode switching Based in part on research comparing Zinacanteco children with North American children of the same age, some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks are ________. - correct answersheavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions The Flynn effect refers to the observation that ________. - correct answersIQs have increased steadily from one generation to the next __________ was designed to downplay culture-dependent information, which is emphasized on only one of its factors. - correct answersThe <i>Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V (WISC-V)</i> Ethnic minority parents without extensive education often prefer a(n) ________ style of communication when completing tasks with children; this style ________ the style of communication used in typical classrooms and academic tests. - correct answers collaborative; contrasts with Which statement about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true? - correct answers Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) find it hard to ignore irrelevant information. In a two-way language immersion program, ________. - correct answers language-minority students acquiring English and native English-speaking students are taught together Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence is comprised of which of the following three broad, interacting intelligences? - correct answers analytical, creative, and practical