Quantitative Methods
Exam #2
2025/2026
Exam Prep Material
with
Verified Questions and Answers
A+ Grades Guarantee
, Two - Tailed:
H↓0: μ = x
H↓1: μ ≠ x
What do H↓0 and H↓1 look like for a
One - Tailed
two-tailed single sample t test? how H↓0: μ ≥ / ≤ x
about a on-tailed t test? H↓1: μ < / > x
1. Fractions
In what three ways can probability 2. Decimals
be expressed? 3. Percentages
What is the "range" of a statement of From 0 to 1
probability?
1. All of the data was obtained by random sampling
For probability statistics to be used, 2. The random sampling must be independent
what needs to be true of the sample? 3. The random sampling must occur with replacement
Are probabilities and proportions the Yes
same?
1 SD = 68.26%
What percent of data is within one 2 SD's = 95.44%
standard deviation of the mean? how 3 SD's = 100%
about 2 SD's? 3?
1. Translate it into a proportion question
2. Determine the proportion you need to identify (what area of the data)
3. Compute a z-score for the beginning of the proportion
What are the steps to answering 4. Use the unit nominal table to determine what % of all scores will be
questions about probability for encompassed
normal distributions?
Column A - z score
Column B - proportion of distribution in the body
Column C - proportion of the distribution in the tail
What are the four columns of the Column D - proportion of the distribution between the z score and the
unit nominal table? mean
No, proportions can only be positive, even if they're describing the
Can proportion be negative negative end of data.
A sketch of the distribution with a shaded area of interest
When using the unit nominal table,
what should always be done first?
The z score formula should be used to turn an x value into a z score, and
the unit nominal table can be used to turn a z score into a proportion.
What is used to turn a value for x Both these changes are reversible.
into a z-score? what about turning a
z score into a proportion? Are these
transformations reversible?
Exam #2
2025/2026
Exam Prep Material
with
Verified Questions and Answers
A+ Grades Guarantee
, Two - Tailed:
H↓0: μ = x
H↓1: μ ≠ x
What do H↓0 and H↓1 look like for a
One - Tailed
two-tailed single sample t test? how H↓0: μ ≥ / ≤ x
about a on-tailed t test? H↓1: μ < / > x
1. Fractions
In what three ways can probability 2. Decimals
be expressed? 3. Percentages
What is the "range" of a statement of From 0 to 1
probability?
1. All of the data was obtained by random sampling
For probability statistics to be used, 2. The random sampling must be independent
what needs to be true of the sample? 3. The random sampling must occur with replacement
Are probabilities and proportions the Yes
same?
1 SD = 68.26%
What percent of data is within one 2 SD's = 95.44%
standard deviation of the mean? how 3 SD's = 100%
about 2 SD's? 3?
1. Translate it into a proportion question
2. Determine the proportion you need to identify (what area of the data)
3. Compute a z-score for the beginning of the proportion
What are the steps to answering 4. Use the unit nominal table to determine what % of all scores will be
questions about probability for encompassed
normal distributions?
Column A - z score
Column B - proportion of distribution in the body
Column C - proportion of the distribution in the tail
What are the four columns of the Column D - proportion of the distribution between the z score and the
unit nominal table? mean
No, proportions can only be positive, even if they're describing the
Can proportion be negative negative end of data.
A sketch of the distribution with a shaded area of interest
When using the unit nominal table,
what should always be done first?
The z score formula should be used to turn an x value into a z score, and
the unit nominal table can be used to turn a z score into a proportion.
What is used to turn a value for x Both these changes are reversible.
into a z-score? what about turning a
z score into a proportion? Are these
transformations reversible?
