BIOD331 Pathophysiology Final Exam
2026 Questions and Answers
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up
with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: - Correct
answer-Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent
diagnostic tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a
blood thinner to prevent a future neurologic event. This would be an example of: -
Correct answer-Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father
recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: -
Correct answer-Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances - Correct answer-False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large
intestine in one direction. - Correct answer-Peristaltic movements
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,Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to
push digestive contents forward and backward - Correct answer-Segmentation
Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - Correct answer-
False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -
Correct answer-True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? - Correct answer-Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? - Correct answer-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-
15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? - Correct answer-Normal
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,Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - Correct answer-It is
involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - Correct answer-It includes peroxisomes
and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - Correct answer-25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - Correct answer-
Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? - Correct answer-
Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - Correct answer-
Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
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, A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth. - Correct answer-False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues
and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth. - Correct answer-False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells
of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. - Correct answer-Any
combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly,
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
2026 Questions and Answers
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up
with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: - Correct
answer-Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent
diagnostic tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a
blood thinner to prevent a future neurologic event. This would be an example of: -
Correct answer-Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father
recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: -
Correct answer-Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances - Correct answer-False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large
intestine in one direction. - Correct answer-Peristaltic movements
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to
push digestive contents forward and backward - Correct answer-Segmentation
Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - Correct answer-
False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -
Correct answer-True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? - Correct answer-Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? - Correct answer-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-
15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? - Correct answer-Normal
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - Correct answer-It is
involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - Correct answer-It includes peroxisomes
and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - Correct answer-25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - Correct answer-
Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? - Correct answer-
Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - Correct answer-
Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth. - Correct answer-False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues
and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth. - Correct answer-False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells
of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. - Correct answer-Any
combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly,
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
