WJEC Criminology Practice Exam Questions
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
What is Adultery? - ANSWER A sexual act between a married person and someone
other than their marriage partner.
where is adultery legal? - ANSWER UK and all other European countries.
In India it ceased to be a crime in 2018.
Where is Adultery illegal? - ANSWER Mostly Muslim- Majority Countries, punishment
varies widely between cultures.
Why does adultery vary between cultures? - ANSWER Religions - Not committing
adultery is one of the 10 commandments shared by Christianity, Islam and Judaism. In
societies where law-making has been strongly influenced by religion, adultery has often
been made a crime.
The position of women - Laws against adultery are often found in societies where
women occupy a very subordinate position, where adultery laws are unequal.
What is homosexuality? - ANSWER involving or characterised by sexual attraction
between people of the same sex.
Where is it a crime? - ANSWER Male homosexuality is illegal in 72 countries and in 45
lesbian relationships are.
In 6 countries, conviction can result in the death penalty
Where is it legal? - ANSWER UK, Europe, North and South America
Why does homosexuality vary between cultures? - ANSWER Religion - Most religions,
including Christianity and Judaism have condemned homosexuality. In countries where
religion has a strong influence over law-making are more likely to make homosexuality
illegal.
Sexism - The fact male homosexuality is a crime in more countries than lesbian is, may
be due to sexist assumptions by male law-makers that women were incapable on
samesex attraction.
Where is cannabis a crime? - ANSWER In the UK, possession can be punished with up
to 5 years imprisonment and supply with 14 years.
Where is cannabis legal? - ANSWER Some places have legalised it for medical use or
,personal recreational use. Canada and Uruguay have legalised its sale.
Why does Cannabis use vary between cultures? - ANSWER Different Norms and
Values - Societies with a greater emphasis on individual freedoms may see drug use as
victimless or as an individuals right to do as they wish with their body.
How does homosexuality laws change over time? - ANSWER In the UK, homosexuality
acts between men were made a crime in 1885, with a maximum sentence of life
imprisonment. However, homosexual acts with males aged 21 or over were legalised in
England and Wales in 1967. The age of consent was reduced to 18 in 1994 and then
equalised with heterosexuals at 16 in 2000.
Why did the homosexuality law change? - ANSWER The Wolfenden report after WW2
due to the increasing prosecutions of gay men.
Campaigns like The homosexual Law reform society and stonewall
Politicians eg. Roy Jenkins
Human Rights
How do drug laws change over time? - ANSWER The Portuguese case - from 2001,
possession of drugs was changed from a crime to a civil offence because Portugal
became a democracy and due to the openness of the country led to a large influx of
drugs and then Portugal had the highest rates of heroin addiction in Europe.
why did drug laws change? - ANSWER The sudden and rapid growth in drug
addictions after 1975, this led to drastic action to take place to tackle the problem.
How do Gun control laws change over time? - ANSWER Changed after 2 mass
shootings -
Dunblane Primary school shooting in Scotland in 1996 and in 1987, Michael Ryan shot
and killed 16 people.
As a result, the law was tightened in 1997 following a government enquiry.
Second firearms amendment act banning handguns in the UK.
Why did gun control laws change? - ANSWER The gun control network set up by
lawyers, academics and parents of victims to campaign for tighter gun control laws. The
snowdrop campaign - started by the Dunblane parents, they organized a petition and
collected 750,000 signatures calling for a change in law.
How do laws relating to children change over time? - ANSWER Until the 13th century,
Children were put out to work from an early age and had the same rights and duties as
adults, the law made no distinction between children and adults.
Over time, the idea of childhood became more greater in both laws and society.
laws excluding children from paid work. - ANSWER In the 19th century, Children as
, young as six were used in the cotton mills and coalmines. A series of factory acts
gradually excluded children from the workplace.
compulsory schooling - ANSWER Introduced in 1880, it ensured a basic education for
all and had the effect of keeping children out of paid work.
Child protection and welfare legislation. - ANSWER 2004 Children Act made the child's
welfare the fundamental principle underpinning the work of agencies such as social
services.
children's rights - ANSWER The Children Act defines parents as having responsibilities
rather than rights in relation to children.
Laws and policies that only apply to children. - ANSWER For example, minimum ages
for a wide range of activities, from sex to smoking, reinforce the idea that children are
different from adults and so different rules must be applied to their behavior.
Laws concerning physical punishment - Changes In the Law. - ANSWER The number
of offences were reduced, Capital punishment was abolished in Britain in 1965 and all
corporal punishment of offenders in 1967.
Differential enforcement of the law - ANSWER The idea that the police and courts may
treat people of different social groups, such as class, ethnicity, gender differently.
Differential enforcement of the law - Moral Panics - ANSWER Those convicted of minor
offences eg. theft committed during the London riots of 2011 were more likely to receive
custodial sentences than similar cases committed under ' normal ' conditions. Another
example of this is the mods and rockers during the 1960s, the courts imposed more
severe sentences on youths convicted of offences during the moral panic.
Differential enforcement of the law - typification's. - ANSWER The law may be enforced
differently against similar cases is shown by the work of Chambliss. He studies 2
groups of youths , the middle - class ' saints ' and the working class ' roughnecks' . He
found that the police enforced the law more strictly against the roughnecks.
Cicourel argues police officers hold ' typification's about what a typical criminal is like
which may include situational factors like age, class, ethnicity and attitude towards the
officer.
Differential enforcement of the law - Age of criminal responsibility. - ANSWER 2 people
may commit the same criminal act but will be treated differently by the law if one of them
is under the age of criminal responsibility. This is the age below which a child is deemed
not to have the capacity to commit a crime.
In England , Wales and Northern Ireland it is 10 years old,
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
What is Adultery? - ANSWER A sexual act between a married person and someone
other than their marriage partner.
where is adultery legal? - ANSWER UK and all other European countries.
In India it ceased to be a crime in 2018.
Where is Adultery illegal? - ANSWER Mostly Muslim- Majority Countries, punishment
varies widely between cultures.
Why does adultery vary between cultures? - ANSWER Religions - Not committing
adultery is one of the 10 commandments shared by Christianity, Islam and Judaism. In
societies where law-making has been strongly influenced by religion, adultery has often
been made a crime.
The position of women - Laws against adultery are often found in societies where
women occupy a very subordinate position, where adultery laws are unequal.
What is homosexuality? - ANSWER involving or characterised by sexual attraction
between people of the same sex.
Where is it a crime? - ANSWER Male homosexuality is illegal in 72 countries and in 45
lesbian relationships are.
In 6 countries, conviction can result in the death penalty
Where is it legal? - ANSWER UK, Europe, North and South America
Why does homosexuality vary between cultures? - ANSWER Religion - Most religions,
including Christianity and Judaism have condemned homosexuality. In countries where
religion has a strong influence over law-making are more likely to make homosexuality
illegal.
Sexism - The fact male homosexuality is a crime in more countries than lesbian is, may
be due to sexist assumptions by male law-makers that women were incapable on
samesex attraction.
Where is cannabis a crime? - ANSWER In the UK, possession can be punished with up
to 5 years imprisonment and supply with 14 years.
Where is cannabis legal? - ANSWER Some places have legalised it for medical use or
,personal recreational use. Canada and Uruguay have legalised its sale.
Why does Cannabis use vary between cultures? - ANSWER Different Norms and
Values - Societies with a greater emphasis on individual freedoms may see drug use as
victimless or as an individuals right to do as they wish with their body.
How does homosexuality laws change over time? - ANSWER In the UK, homosexuality
acts between men were made a crime in 1885, with a maximum sentence of life
imprisonment. However, homosexual acts with males aged 21 or over were legalised in
England and Wales in 1967. The age of consent was reduced to 18 in 1994 and then
equalised with heterosexuals at 16 in 2000.
Why did the homosexuality law change? - ANSWER The Wolfenden report after WW2
due to the increasing prosecutions of gay men.
Campaigns like The homosexual Law reform society and stonewall
Politicians eg. Roy Jenkins
Human Rights
How do drug laws change over time? - ANSWER The Portuguese case - from 2001,
possession of drugs was changed from a crime to a civil offence because Portugal
became a democracy and due to the openness of the country led to a large influx of
drugs and then Portugal had the highest rates of heroin addiction in Europe.
why did drug laws change? - ANSWER The sudden and rapid growth in drug
addictions after 1975, this led to drastic action to take place to tackle the problem.
How do Gun control laws change over time? - ANSWER Changed after 2 mass
shootings -
Dunblane Primary school shooting in Scotland in 1996 and in 1987, Michael Ryan shot
and killed 16 people.
As a result, the law was tightened in 1997 following a government enquiry.
Second firearms amendment act banning handguns in the UK.
Why did gun control laws change? - ANSWER The gun control network set up by
lawyers, academics and parents of victims to campaign for tighter gun control laws. The
snowdrop campaign - started by the Dunblane parents, they organized a petition and
collected 750,000 signatures calling for a change in law.
How do laws relating to children change over time? - ANSWER Until the 13th century,
Children were put out to work from an early age and had the same rights and duties as
adults, the law made no distinction between children and adults.
Over time, the idea of childhood became more greater in both laws and society.
laws excluding children from paid work. - ANSWER In the 19th century, Children as
, young as six were used in the cotton mills and coalmines. A series of factory acts
gradually excluded children from the workplace.
compulsory schooling - ANSWER Introduced in 1880, it ensured a basic education for
all and had the effect of keeping children out of paid work.
Child protection and welfare legislation. - ANSWER 2004 Children Act made the child's
welfare the fundamental principle underpinning the work of agencies such as social
services.
children's rights - ANSWER The Children Act defines parents as having responsibilities
rather than rights in relation to children.
Laws and policies that only apply to children. - ANSWER For example, minimum ages
for a wide range of activities, from sex to smoking, reinforce the idea that children are
different from adults and so different rules must be applied to their behavior.
Laws concerning physical punishment - Changes In the Law. - ANSWER The number
of offences were reduced, Capital punishment was abolished in Britain in 1965 and all
corporal punishment of offenders in 1967.
Differential enforcement of the law - ANSWER The idea that the police and courts may
treat people of different social groups, such as class, ethnicity, gender differently.
Differential enforcement of the law - Moral Panics - ANSWER Those convicted of minor
offences eg. theft committed during the London riots of 2011 were more likely to receive
custodial sentences than similar cases committed under ' normal ' conditions. Another
example of this is the mods and rockers during the 1960s, the courts imposed more
severe sentences on youths convicted of offences during the moral panic.
Differential enforcement of the law - typification's. - ANSWER The law may be enforced
differently against similar cases is shown by the work of Chambliss. He studies 2
groups of youths , the middle - class ' saints ' and the working class ' roughnecks' . He
found that the police enforced the law more strictly against the roughnecks.
Cicourel argues police officers hold ' typification's about what a typical criminal is like
which may include situational factors like age, class, ethnicity and attitude towards the
officer.
Differential enforcement of the law - Age of criminal responsibility. - ANSWER 2 people
may commit the same criminal act but will be treated differently by the law if one of them
is under the age of criminal responsibility. This is the age below which a child is deemed
not to have the capacity to commit a crime.
In England , Wales and Northern Ireland it is 10 years old,
