WJEC Criminology Exam Questions With 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

WJEC Criminology Exam Questions With 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS In January 1950, he was tried and convicted of the murder of his daughter. He was sentenced to death by hanging. During his trial, Evans had accused his downstairs neighbour, John Christie, of committing the murders. Three years after Evans's execution, Christie was found to be a serial killer who had murdered six other women in the same house, including his own wife. Before his execution, Christie confessed to murdering Mrs. Evans. An official inquiry concluded in 1966 that Christie had also murdered Evans's daughter, and Evans was granted a posthumous pardon. The case generated much controversy and is acknowledged as a serious miscarriage of justice. The case played a major part in the abolition of capital punishment in the United Kingdom for murder in 1965. Tasks: 1). What happened in this case? 2). How was this a miscarriage of justice? 3). Explain how this influenced future legislation. John Wayne Gacy Jr Task - ANSWER John Wayne Gacy Jr. (March 17, 1942 - May 10, 1994) was an American serial killer and rapist. He sexually assaulted, tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men between 1972 and 1978 in Cook County, Illinois. All of Gacy's known murders were committed inside his Norwood Park ranch house. His victims were typically induced to his address by force or deception, and all but one of his victims were murdered by either asphyxiation or strangulation. Gacy buried 26 of his victims under the floorboards and in the attic of his home. Three other victims were buried elsewhere on his property, while the bodies of his last four known victims were discarded in a river. Convicted of 33 murders, Gacy was sentenced to death on March 13, 1980, for 12 of those killings. He spent 14 years on death row before he was executed by lethal injection at Stateville Correctional Center on May 10, 1994. Gacy became known as the "Killer Clown" because of his charitable services at fund- raising events, parades, and children's parties where he would dress as "Pogo the Clown" or "Patches the Clown", characters he had devised. Tasks: 1). What happened in this case? 2). Was the death penalty an appropriate punishment. Why? ANSWER this exam question. 'Using examples, explain what is meant by the term 'external social control' (6 marks) - ANSWER How do I begin? External social control is... Prison is an example of coercion because... The main aim is for the public to fear punishment... The death penalty is a good example of external social control... 1 mark - define it 2 marks - coercion 3 marks - fear of punishment (deterrence) 4 marks - death penalty 5 marks - argument for and against 6 marks - example of a case What are external forms of social control? (1) - ANSWER Within society we have external pressures that persuade us to conform to the rules. §For example, if we do not do our homework, teachers may give us a detention. Can we think of any other examples? - Parents grounding us or taking away phones. -Boss firing us because we are always late. -Police presence makes society act a certain way These are examples of external social control. What are external forms of social control? (2) - ANSWER External social control in society is mostly implemented by organisations that ensure conformity to the laws - police, judges, government. The mere presence of the police is enough to make most people behave. Under PACE the police have powers for detention and interview. If you are charged, further external organisations may become involved. Such as? ...courts and even prisons! These external organisations use coercion and fear of punishment as ways to make people abide the law. Coercion Task - ANSWER Coercion (the use of force) may be physical or non-violent. Physical coercion may take the form of bodily injury, imprisonment and in some countries the death penalty. Non-violent coercion could be a fine or a criminal record. Prisons clearly use coercion and the threat of loss of liberty (freedom). This can be seen in a suspended sentence with the continued threat of custody for future breaking of the law. Tasks: 1). What does coercion mean? 2). How can it be physical or non-violent? 3). How is prison an example of coercion in society? Fear of Punishment Task - ANSWER The use of punishment as a threat to stop people from offending is called deterrence. Deterrence has two key assumptions: -Individual deterrence - punishment imposed on offenders to deter them from committing further crimes. For example, a suspended prison sentence but there is a punishment of prison if they reoffend. -General deterrence - puts fear into others and deters them from committing crimes. For example, a long prison sentence would put other people off committing a similar crime. There are policies that 'get tough on crime': 'Mandatory minimums' - a life sentence for murder. 'three strikes and you're out' - a third conviction for a violent crime results in a life sentence (USA).