Answers (Latest Update 2025-2026) UPDATE!!
The patient is an individual with family members who are usually
Family as Context the primary
resource for them. The individual is the primary receiver
and the family is secondary for assessment and
intervention of care.
The family is a sum of all family members. Family
Family as Sum of its Members
healthcare is operational when all members of the
family receive care.
The subsystem of a family can be defined as a dyad
Family Subsystems as Client or triad and be comprised of a married couple, parent-
child, and sibling-sibling, for example. They are the
recipients of care.
The entire family is in the foreground. Dynamics of the
Family as Client
family, subsystems, and relationships with external
sources are the focus.
The family is a subsystem of society. Families are
Family as a Component of
Society considered an institution of society equating to religion
and educational institutions for example.
Prevent the occurrence of disease.
Health promotion and disease prevention
Primary Prevention
Teach families to take responsibility for health and attain
health goals by enjoying a healthy lifestyle
After the disease occurrence
Early detection, diagnosis, treatment of signs
Secondary Prevention
and symptoms Conduct screening
assessments
Health teaching
Recovery and rehabilitation
Tertiary Prevention Maximize the level of functioning
Provide support to families in the rehabilitation process
Did not present a theory of nursing or family nursing
Nightingale's Environmental Emphasized the presence of environmental
Model
, factors in health and wellness Nurses care for
the whole family unit in the home environment
included family-as-context
Collaboratively the nurse and family members identify
King's Theory of Goal complete assessment to determine goals and a plan
Attainment
of care
The family unit provides socialization and establishes
norms of behavior across the life cycle.
Family is a unit of analysis, in the same context as the individual
Roy's Adaptation Model The family unit is adaptive and interacts with the
external environment and internal and external stimuli
The client is an open system where family is
defined. Family is comprised of subsystems with
Neumann's Health System's relationships among the family members
Model
The ability to maintain wellness when exposed to stressors
occurs through a series of exchanges in the open system
of the model
Appropriate model for community-based health care
The family unit needs to sustain self-care
Nursing works with individuals to achieve self-care in the
Orem's Self-Care Model
family unit; the family unit is not the direct receiver of
the health care services.
Self-care of the family can incorporate health beliefs of the family
, A family has energy fields that respond to the
environment similar to individuals. Families have
Rogers's Science of Unitary
Human Beings stages of development and progress in one direction
Permeability of boundaries determines the degree of
responsiveness required from environmental input
Expansion of consciousness defines health
Individuals move unidirectionally to expand
Newman's Expanding
consciousness and allow this inside and outside of the
Consciousness Model
family unit; can incorporate the family with community
energy fields As the individual of a family moves
towards consciousness, he/she can explain the
internal dynamics of the family.
Family as a social system
Identifies how the family interacts with other institutions of society
Structural-Functional Theory Identifies how family members interact with each other
in family relationships and support each other
effectively to perform their functions
discipline of Sociology
The family as a set of interacting elements
distinguishable from the environment it interacts.
Systems Theory
Views family in context of
suprasystems and subsystems Grand
theory
Explains the developmental changes of family members through
Family Developmental Theory the years
Provides the ability to make predictions of family needs
according the life cycle Emphasis is on the traditional
nuclear family
Family members assign meaning to events in their world;
Family Interactional Theory this is impacted by the relevancy of the situation
The focus on internal dynamics of families
Illness causing stress that changes
Family Stress Theory family dynamics Resources in the
family for dealing with the stressor(s)
Implications/reality of the event on families and how they will
adapt
The effect of change on the family unit and health behavior
Change Theory
Strong family support is predictive of success with new health
behaviors