BIOLOGY 107 EXAM 2 (CH.5-8)
What types of molecules can diffuse through a Cellular Membrane - Correct Answers --
very small polar molecules (ex.H2O)
-nonpolar molecules like lipids, CO2 & O2
What is a Cell Membrane composed of - Correct Answers --Membranes are a fluid
mosaic made out of phospholipids bilayer with proteins
Osmosis - Correct Answers -is the movement of Water from an area of high
concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Diffusion - Correct Answers -Passive, Spontaneous , Movement of molecules from area
of high concentration to low concentration
Active Transport - Correct Answers -movement of molecules across a membrane
requiring energy to be expended by cell (4 steps)
protiens + energy
Facilitated diffusion - Correct Answers --The process of passive transport of molecules,
takes no energy, to move across a membrane.
-Transport proteins
Hypertonic - Correct Answers -A Solution with a Greater Concentration of Solutes than
a cell
-more water exits a cell in this solution
-the cell shrivels & possibly dies
-more water outside the cell
Hypertonic Environment in plant/animal cells - Correct Answers -Plants- water rushes
out of the cell, and the cell shrinks away from the rigid wall
Animals-water rushes out of the cell, and the cell shrinks.
Hypotonic - Correct Answers -A solution with a Lesser Concentration of Solutes
-more water enters the cell
-the cell will expand / even burst
-more water in the cell
, Hypotonic Environment in plant/animal cells - Correct Answers -Plants- water rushes
into the cell, and the cell swells, but is kept from breaking by the rigid wall layer.
Animals- water rushes into the cell, and the cell swells.Eventually it will burst open, or
lyse.
Isotonic - Correct Answers -Solutions with Equal/ Same concentration of particles as the
cell (equal rate)
-when a cells size remains constant
-A 50-50 cell (50% solute, 50% solution)
Isotonic environment in plant/animal cells - Correct Answers -Plants & Animals
- the force of water trying to exit and enter the cell balances out
-no change will occur in the cell
Potential Energy - Correct Answers --Stored Energy; as a result of its location/structure
Kinetic Energy - Correct Answers -Is the Energy of Motion; this preforms work by
transferring motion to other matter
-Potential energy-> converts to Kinetic energy
Chemical Energy - Correct Answers -Is Potential Energy; because of its energy
available for release in a chemical reaction
-energy is stored in both chemical bonds (P & CE)
What are enzymes - Correct Answers -They are protien catalysts
-made up of amino acids
-All enzymes have an active sit where substrates are temporarily bound.
- The active site of an enzyme orients its substrate molecules, therby promoting
interaction of their reactive parts.
How do enzymes work? - Correct Answers -Enzymes speed up reactions (facilitate)
without actually entering into the reaction
-enzymes are not used up / altered in any way by the reaction
- enzymes speed up the cells chemical reaction ny lowering energy barriers
How does excessive heat effect enzyme activity - Correct Answers -High temperature
will Denature human enzymes; they require certain environmental conditions
- Temperature; human enzymes function best at 37'c , or body temperature
What is cell division & why is it important - Correct Answers -Mitosis, its important for
-growth and maintenance of organism
-development of new organisms after fertilization
Somatic - Correct Answers -are all cells that are not directly invloves in sexual
reproduction
-cells that do not produce egg & sperm cells
What types of molecules can diffuse through a Cellular Membrane - Correct Answers --
very small polar molecules (ex.H2O)
-nonpolar molecules like lipids, CO2 & O2
What is a Cell Membrane composed of - Correct Answers --Membranes are a fluid
mosaic made out of phospholipids bilayer with proteins
Osmosis - Correct Answers -is the movement of Water from an area of high
concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Diffusion - Correct Answers -Passive, Spontaneous , Movement of molecules from area
of high concentration to low concentration
Active Transport - Correct Answers -movement of molecules across a membrane
requiring energy to be expended by cell (4 steps)
protiens + energy
Facilitated diffusion - Correct Answers --The process of passive transport of molecules,
takes no energy, to move across a membrane.
-Transport proteins
Hypertonic - Correct Answers -A Solution with a Greater Concentration of Solutes than
a cell
-more water exits a cell in this solution
-the cell shrivels & possibly dies
-more water outside the cell
Hypertonic Environment in plant/animal cells - Correct Answers -Plants- water rushes
out of the cell, and the cell shrinks away from the rigid wall
Animals-water rushes out of the cell, and the cell shrinks.
Hypotonic - Correct Answers -A solution with a Lesser Concentration of Solutes
-more water enters the cell
-the cell will expand / even burst
-more water in the cell
, Hypotonic Environment in plant/animal cells - Correct Answers -Plants- water rushes
into the cell, and the cell swells, but is kept from breaking by the rigid wall layer.
Animals- water rushes into the cell, and the cell swells.Eventually it will burst open, or
lyse.
Isotonic - Correct Answers -Solutions with Equal/ Same concentration of particles as the
cell (equal rate)
-when a cells size remains constant
-A 50-50 cell (50% solute, 50% solution)
Isotonic environment in plant/animal cells - Correct Answers -Plants & Animals
- the force of water trying to exit and enter the cell balances out
-no change will occur in the cell
Potential Energy - Correct Answers --Stored Energy; as a result of its location/structure
Kinetic Energy - Correct Answers -Is the Energy of Motion; this preforms work by
transferring motion to other matter
-Potential energy-> converts to Kinetic energy
Chemical Energy - Correct Answers -Is Potential Energy; because of its energy
available for release in a chemical reaction
-energy is stored in both chemical bonds (P & CE)
What are enzymes - Correct Answers -They are protien catalysts
-made up of amino acids
-All enzymes have an active sit where substrates are temporarily bound.
- The active site of an enzyme orients its substrate molecules, therby promoting
interaction of their reactive parts.
How do enzymes work? - Correct Answers -Enzymes speed up reactions (facilitate)
without actually entering into the reaction
-enzymes are not used up / altered in any way by the reaction
- enzymes speed up the cells chemical reaction ny lowering energy barriers
How does excessive heat effect enzyme activity - Correct Answers -High temperature
will Denature human enzymes; they require certain environmental conditions
- Temperature; human enzymes function best at 37'c , or body temperature
What is cell division & why is it important - Correct Answers -Mitosis, its important for
-growth and maintenance of organism
-development of new organisms after fertilization
Somatic - Correct Answers -are all cells that are not directly invloves in sexual
reproduction
-cells that do not produce egg & sperm cells
