BIOL 107 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
what are the most common atoms in organic molecules - Correct Answers -all: carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen
nucleic acid: nitrogen, phosphorus
proteins: nitrogen, sulfur
phospholipids: phosphorus
Why is life carbon based? - Correct Answers -- can form bonds with many other atoms.
- can form strong bonds with other carbon atoms
- bonds between carbon atoms are stable over a range of temperature because
distance between atoms is small
hydroxl group - Correct Answers -Hydroxide bonded to carbon skeleton; OH
carboxyl group - Correct Answers -A -COOH group, found in organic acids.
amino group - Correct Answers -A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom
bonded to two hydrogen atoms
phosphate group - Correct Answers -A functional group consisting of a phosphorus
atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms PO4^2-
hydrolysis reaction - Correct Answers -A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger
molecule by adding a molecule of water
dehydration reaction - Correct Answers -A chemical reaction in which two molecules
become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Monomer - Correct Answers -A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
form polymers
dimer - Correct Answers -a compound whose molecules are composed of two identical
monomers
Oligomer - Correct Answers -short chains of monomers that are not long enough for
polymers; sticky, gel-like
, Polymer - Correct Answers -large compound formed from combinations of many
monomers
Hydrophobic - Correct Answers -Water fearing
Hydrophilic - Correct Answers -Attracted to water
amphiphilic - Correct Answers -attracted to both water and fat - containing hydrophobic
and hydrophilic parts
function of glucose - Correct Answers -(animals:) substrate for respiration, transported
by blood to transport energy to cells around the body, quick energy
function of fructose - Correct Answers -(plants:) fruit sugar, attracts animals to disperse
seeds in the fruit
Function of deoxyribose - Correct Answers -monosaccharide component of nucleotides
(DNA)
Function of sucrose - Correct Answers -(plants:) transported in phloem sap to transport
energy to cells in the plant
function of glycogen - Correct Answers -energy storage in animals
function of starch - Correct Answers -energy storage in plants
function of cellulose - Correct Answers -provides structure to plant cell walls
Function of chitin - Correct Answers -provides structure to fungal cell walls
function of lysozyme - Correct Answers -destroys peptidoglycan and weakening the wall
Found in animal secretions including tears, saliva, and other body fluids, and functions
as a major line of defense against bacterial infection
function of hemoglobin - Correct Answers -carries oxygen from lungs to body's tissues
and returns CO2 from tissues back to lungs
Function of ATP - Correct Answers -transfer and storage of energy
function of dATP - Correct Answers -supplies the deoxyribose sugar, base pair and one
phosphate to the template strand in producing the new strand of DNA
function of cholesterol - Correct Answers -helps digest fat
build cells
makes vitamin D & some hormones
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
what are the most common atoms in organic molecules - Correct Answers -all: carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen
nucleic acid: nitrogen, phosphorus
proteins: nitrogen, sulfur
phospholipids: phosphorus
Why is life carbon based? - Correct Answers -- can form bonds with many other atoms.
- can form strong bonds with other carbon atoms
- bonds between carbon atoms are stable over a range of temperature because
distance between atoms is small
hydroxl group - Correct Answers -Hydroxide bonded to carbon skeleton; OH
carboxyl group - Correct Answers -A -COOH group, found in organic acids.
amino group - Correct Answers -A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom
bonded to two hydrogen atoms
phosphate group - Correct Answers -A functional group consisting of a phosphorus
atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms PO4^2-
hydrolysis reaction - Correct Answers -A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger
molecule by adding a molecule of water
dehydration reaction - Correct Answers -A chemical reaction in which two molecules
become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Monomer - Correct Answers -A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
form polymers
dimer - Correct Answers -a compound whose molecules are composed of two identical
monomers
Oligomer - Correct Answers -short chains of monomers that are not long enough for
polymers; sticky, gel-like
, Polymer - Correct Answers -large compound formed from combinations of many
monomers
Hydrophobic - Correct Answers -Water fearing
Hydrophilic - Correct Answers -Attracted to water
amphiphilic - Correct Answers -attracted to both water and fat - containing hydrophobic
and hydrophilic parts
function of glucose - Correct Answers -(animals:) substrate for respiration, transported
by blood to transport energy to cells around the body, quick energy
function of fructose - Correct Answers -(plants:) fruit sugar, attracts animals to disperse
seeds in the fruit
Function of deoxyribose - Correct Answers -monosaccharide component of nucleotides
(DNA)
Function of sucrose - Correct Answers -(plants:) transported in phloem sap to transport
energy to cells in the plant
function of glycogen - Correct Answers -energy storage in animals
function of starch - Correct Answers -energy storage in plants
function of cellulose - Correct Answers -provides structure to plant cell walls
Function of chitin - Correct Answers -provides structure to fungal cell walls
function of lysozyme - Correct Answers -destroys peptidoglycan and weakening the wall
Found in animal secretions including tears, saliva, and other body fluids, and functions
as a major line of defense against bacterial infection
function of hemoglobin - Correct Answers -carries oxygen from lungs to body's tissues
and returns CO2 from tissues back to lungs
Function of ATP - Correct Answers -transfer and storage of energy
function of dATP - Correct Answers -supplies the deoxyribose sugar, base pair and one
phosphate to the template strand in producing the new strand of DNA
function of cholesterol - Correct Answers -helps digest fat
build cells
makes vitamin D & some hormones
