UCLA OPERATIONS CORE EXAM MANUAL UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Describe additional resources that may be required to assist the EMS provider. -
✔✔Firefighters, law enforcement, HAZMAT, DWP, CHP, Animal Services, Paramedics,
Medical Control.
✔✔Discuss the importance of patient management at the scene of a crime and how the
EMT would go about moving items found at the crime scene - ✔✔Ensure scene safety,
Patient care first priority, minimize disturbances, minimize cutting though bullet holes
and stab wounds on clothing, dispose of bloody clothing in a paper bag, if sexual
assault encourage patient not to bathe or shower.
✔✔Explain some scene findings which would make the EMT think there was the
presence of a weapon of mass destruction. - ✔✔Mass Casualty Incident (MCI), Triage
needed, HAZMAT is on scene, Patients have symptoms (Salivation, Lacrimation,
Urination, Defecation, Gastric upset, Emesis, Miosis).
✔✔Describe the steps of the primary assessment including treatment that would need
to be taken. - ✔✔ABCD
✔✔ABCD - ✔✔AIRWAY - patent (open/clear), Need for adjunct or suction? Life
threatening?
BREATHING - Rate, Rhythm, Quality/Effort, Lung Sounds, Give oxygen as needed
CIRCULATION - PULSE - Rhythm, Quality, Rate; Assess SKIN signs color, temp,
moisture, and Capillary refill; Obvious bleeding
DECISION to Transport - Stable v. Unstable (if you have to intervene at any point, then
the patient is UNSTABLE).
✔✔List the order of operations when arriving on the scene and assessing a patient. -
✔✔PENMAN, AVPU + AOx4
✔✔AVPU - ✔✔Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive
✔✔AxO x4 - ✔✔Alert and Oriented: Person, Place, Time, Event
✔✔Describe the proper technique for lifting and moving a patient. - ✔✔POWERLIFT:
technique in which EMT's back is held upright, with legs bent, and the patient is lifted
when the EMT straightens the legs to raise upper body and arms.
✔✔List the criteria for a rapid extrication of a patient. - ✔✔If patient has life threatening
injuries and/or is in need of treatment that requires supine position. Scene safety also a
factor, c like car on fire and patient has to be removed by manually stabilizing head then
apply C-COLLAR and put on a stretcher.
, ✔✔Describe the process for making patient contact when the patient is in a vehicle and
the doors cannot be opened. - ✔✔Remove door or break window. Ideally break the
window or door furthest away from the person in need to limit debris going onto patient
✔✔Explain the proper place to dispose of sharps - ✔✔Sharps will be placed in the
sharps container which is located inside the Ambulance.
✔✔List the types of restraints and the proper use of them when providing patient care. -
✔✔Leather & Foam Forcible Restraints & Handcuffs; Forcible restraints with leather or
foam soft restraints if they are a danger to themselves or others.
Never place the patient in the prone position. Law enforcement will be the only first
responders who will put handcuffs on a patient. Will never transport someone in
handcuffs if law enforcement is not in the back of the ambulance or following closely
behind. Do not want to leave law enforcement vehicle unattended.
✔✔List the criteria for not providing any interventions or CPR in a patient - ✔✔EMT
would not provide care if conscious alert adult with decision making capacity refuses
treatment;
if person has definitive signs of death (Body is in parts (decapitation); Dependent lividity
(blood settling); Rigor mortis (Stiffening); Putrefaction (Decompostion)); Also when a
DNR is present and properly filled out and completed.
✔✔Define a Do Not Resuscitate Order, who might have one, and how it impacts the
care provided by an EMT. - ✔✔DNR: Advanced directive that gives permission not to
resuscitate; Surrogate for decisions; Health care proxies.
✔✔Describe when an EMT would not follow the direction provided by a Do Not
Resuscitate Order. - ✔✔If the form is not filled out entirely or correctly; if the form is not
present at time of care.
✔✔List and define the types of consent. - ✔✔(1) EXPRESSED: Applies to patients who
are alert and oriented/awake and expresses verbal, written or other (through body
action like a visual head nod "yes")
(2) IMPLIED: patients who are unconscious and otherwise incapable of making
informed decision
(3) INVOLUNTARY: Applies to patients who are mentally ill, in a behavior crisis,
developmentally delayed. Can also obtain consent from legal guardian (*not always
possible, so important to understand local provisions).
✔✔Describe the techniques the EMT can employ when a patient does not wish to
receive care. - ✔✔Patient must understand the risks and consequences to their refusal.
Ask adult to sign a refusal of care form or treat/release document for all refusals. Then
Document the refusal.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Describe additional resources that may be required to assist the EMS provider. -
✔✔Firefighters, law enforcement, HAZMAT, DWP, CHP, Animal Services, Paramedics,
Medical Control.
✔✔Discuss the importance of patient management at the scene of a crime and how the
EMT would go about moving items found at the crime scene - ✔✔Ensure scene safety,
Patient care first priority, minimize disturbances, minimize cutting though bullet holes
and stab wounds on clothing, dispose of bloody clothing in a paper bag, if sexual
assault encourage patient not to bathe or shower.
✔✔Explain some scene findings which would make the EMT think there was the
presence of a weapon of mass destruction. - ✔✔Mass Casualty Incident (MCI), Triage
needed, HAZMAT is on scene, Patients have symptoms (Salivation, Lacrimation,
Urination, Defecation, Gastric upset, Emesis, Miosis).
✔✔Describe the steps of the primary assessment including treatment that would need
to be taken. - ✔✔ABCD
✔✔ABCD - ✔✔AIRWAY - patent (open/clear), Need for adjunct or suction? Life
threatening?
BREATHING - Rate, Rhythm, Quality/Effort, Lung Sounds, Give oxygen as needed
CIRCULATION - PULSE - Rhythm, Quality, Rate; Assess SKIN signs color, temp,
moisture, and Capillary refill; Obvious bleeding
DECISION to Transport - Stable v. Unstable (if you have to intervene at any point, then
the patient is UNSTABLE).
✔✔List the order of operations when arriving on the scene and assessing a patient. -
✔✔PENMAN, AVPU + AOx4
✔✔AVPU - ✔✔Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive
✔✔AxO x4 - ✔✔Alert and Oriented: Person, Place, Time, Event
✔✔Describe the proper technique for lifting and moving a patient. - ✔✔POWERLIFT:
technique in which EMT's back is held upright, with legs bent, and the patient is lifted
when the EMT straightens the legs to raise upper body and arms.
✔✔List the criteria for a rapid extrication of a patient. - ✔✔If patient has life threatening
injuries and/or is in need of treatment that requires supine position. Scene safety also a
factor, c like car on fire and patient has to be removed by manually stabilizing head then
apply C-COLLAR and put on a stretcher.
, ✔✔Describe the process for making patient contact when the patient is in a vehicle and
the doors cannot be opened. - ✔✔Remove door or break window. Ideally break the
window or door furthest away from the person in need to limit debris going onto patient
✔✔Explain the proper place to dispose of sharps - ✔✔Sharps will be placed in the
sharps container which is located inside the Ambulance.
✔✔List the types of restraints and the proper use of them when providing patient care. -
✔✔Leather & Foam Forcible Restraints & Handcuffs; Forcible restraints with leather or
foam soft restraints if they are a danger to themselves or others.
Never place the patient in the prone position. Law enforcement will be the only first
responders who will put handcuffs on a patient. Will never transport someone in
handcuffs if law enforcement is not in the back of the ambulance or following closely
behind. Do not want to leave law enforcement vehicle unattended.
✔✔List the criteria for not providing any interventions or CPR in a patient - ✔✔EMT
would not provide care if conscious alert adult with decision making capacity refuses
treatment;
if person has definitive signs of death (Body is in parts (decapitation); Dependent lividity
(blood settling); Rigor mortis (Stiffening); Putrefaction (Decompostion)); Also when a
DNR is present and properly filled out and completed.
✔✔Define a Do Not Resuscitate Order, who might have one, and how it impacts the
care provided by an EMT. - ✔✔DNR: Advanced directive that gives permission not to
resuscitate; Surrogate for decisions; Health care proxies.
✔✔Describe when an EMT would not follow the direction provided by a Do Not
Resuscitate Order. - ✔✔If the form is not filled out entirely or correctly; if the form is not
present at time of care.
✔✔List and define the types of consent. - ✔✔(1) EXPRESSED: Applies to patients who
are alert and oriented/awake and expresses verbal, written or other (through body
action like a visual head nod "yes")
(2) IMPLIED: patients who are unconscious and otherwise incapable of making
informed decision
(3) INVOLUNTARY: Applies to patients who are mentally ill, in a behavior crisis,
developmentally delayed. Can also obtain consent from legal guardian (*not always
possible, so important to understand local provisions).
✔✔Describe the techniques the EMT can employ when a patient does not wish to
receive care. - ✔✔Patient must understand the risks and consequences to their refusal.
Ask adult to sign a refusal of care form or treat/release document for all refusals. Then
Document the refusal.
