BIOLOGY 107 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
If DNA from an organism is analyzed it is found that the thymidine nucleobases makes
up 20% of the total. What % of the nucleobases are adenine? - Correct Answers -20%
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA
molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following? -
Correct Answers -Sequence of Bases
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as
nucleotides? - Correct Answers -A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the Watson and Crick model of
DNA? - Correct Answers -The pyrimidine and purine in each base pair come from
opposite strands.
If radioactive thymidine is added to cells, what macromolecules will be labeled? -
Correct Answers -DNA
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? - Correct
Answers -The components of the R-group.
The chemical linkage between two amino acids is known as a... - Correct Answers -
Peptide bond.
Which level of protein structure do the alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet represent? -
Correct Answers -Secondary
When amino acids polymerize to form a protein: - Correct Answers -A covalent bond
forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid of a second.
Which of the following nucleases is not used to encode information in the human
genome? - Correct Answers -Uracil
(because uracil is not found in DNA)
,Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in
prokaryotes? - Correct Answers -RNA polymerase transcribes to the terminator
sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE? - Correct Answers
-All combinations of 3 bases in mRNA encode for an amino acid.
In the process of transcription: - Correct Answers -the DNA template strand is being
read
According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what molecule should go in the
blank?
DNA -> mRNA -> _______ - Correct Answers -protein
Which of the following is NOT a stage of transcription? - Correct Answers -synthesis
Stages of Transcription - Correct Answers -Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Alternate RNA splicing ________. - Correct Answers -can allow the production of
proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
Keratin is a protein that is made up of two compactly folded protein chains that contain
alpha helices. What is the HIGHEST level of protein structure observed in Keratin? -
Correct Answers -Quaternary Structure.
Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in
eukaryotic gene expression? - Correct Answers -Introns are spliced out of the mRNA.
Repressors for eukaryotic genes typically bind to sequences known as: - Correct
Answers -Silencers
A neuron and a liver cell both contain the gene for the dopamine transporter, yet the
protein is only found in neurons. The main reason for this is: - Correct Answers -Only
the neurons have the correct activator proteins for the dopamine transporter gene.
General transcription factors for eukaryotic genes typically bind to sequences known as:
- Correct Answers -Promoters.
During transcription, which of the following steps is not observed? - Correct Answers -
RNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
All of the following proteins involved in eukaryotic gene expression bind directly to DNA
EXCEPT: - Correct Answers -Mediator proteins.
, An Asn tRNA has all of the following elements in its folded structure EXCEPT: - Correct
Answers -deoxyribose sugars
Which of the following, if missing, would usually prevent translation from initiating in
prokaryotes? - Correct Answers -a ribosome binding sequence.
When does the termination of translation take place? - Correct Answers -A stop codon
is reached.
Which compound is removed from the Calvin Cycle and converted into glucose? -
Correct Answers -G3P
Which of the following does NOT occur during the Calvin cycle? - Correct Answers -
release of oxygen
In plant cells, where are ATP synthase complexes located? - Correct Answers -
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
In elongation, the growing peptide chain is transferred from the _____ site in the
ribosome to the ______ site as a new peptide bond is formed - Correct Answers -P; A
Which of the following catalyzes transcription? - Correct Answers -RNA polymerase.
What are prions? - Correct Answers -misfolded versions of normal proteins that can
cause disease.
SDS-PAGE gels are used to study changes in protein primary structure. Which of the
following statements about SDS-PAGE gels is correct? - Correct Answers -Shorter
polypeptides move a longer distance in an SDS-PAGE gel than longer polypeptides.
Misfiling of proteins is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases is not
associated with an accumulation of misfolded proteins? - Correct Answers -Scoliosis
Which of the following would not be found in a mature mRNA in a eukaryotic cell? -
Correct Answers -Promoter.
The enzyme that helps polypeptide chains fold is called a _________. - Correct
Answers -Chaperonin.
An insertion of two nucleotides into a gene: - Correct Answers -alters the reading frame
of the mRNA.
One disease that arises from a known point mutation in a protein is: - Correct Answers -
Sickle cell anemia.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
If DNA from an organism is analyzed it is found that the thymidine nucleobases makes
up 20% of the total. What % of the nucleobases are adenine? - Correct Answers -20%
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA
molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following? -
Correct Answers -Sequence of Bases
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as
nucleotides? - Correct Answers -A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the Watson and Crick model of
DNA? - Correct Answers -The pyrimidine and purine in each base pair come from
opposite strands.
If radioactive thymidine is added to cells, what macromolecules will be labeled? -
Correct Answers -DNA
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? - Correct
Answers -The components of the R-group.
The chemical linkage between two amino acids is known as a... - Correct Answers -
Peptide bond.
Which level of protein structure do the alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet represent? -
Correct Answers -Secondary
When amino acids polymerize to form a protein: - Correct Answers -A covalent bond
forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid of a second.
Which of the following nucleases is not used to encode information in the human
genome? - Correct Answers -Uracil
(because uracil is not found in DNA)
,Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in
prokaryotes? - Correct Answers -RNA polymerase transcribes to the terminator
sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE? - Correct Answers
-All combinations of 3 bases in mRNA encode for an amino acid.
In the process of transcription: - Correct Answers -the DNA template strand is being
read
According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what molecule should go in the
blank?
DNA -> mRNA -> _______ - Correct Answers -protein
Which of the following is NOT a stage of transcription? - Correct Answers -synthesis
Stages of Transcription - Correct Answers -Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Alternate RNA splicing ________. - Correct Answers -can allow the production of
proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
Keratin is a protein that is made up of two compactly folded protein chains that contain
alpha helices. What is the HIGHEST level of protein structure observed in Keratin? -
Correct Answers -Quaternary Structure.
Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in
eukaryotic gene expression? - Correct Answers -Introns are spliced out of the mRNA.
Repressors for eukaryotic genes typically bind to sequences known as: - Correct
Answers -Silencers
A neuron and a liver cell both contain the gene for the dopamine transporter, yet the
protein is only found in neurons. The main reason for this is: - Correct Answers -Only
the neurons have the correct activator proteins for the dopamine transporter gene.
General transcription factors for eukaryotic genes typically bind to sequences known as:
- Correct Answers -Promoters.
During transcription, which of the following steps is not observed? - Correct Answers -
RNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
All of the following proteins involved in eukaryotic gene expression bind directly to DNA
EXCEPT: - Correct Answers -Mediator proteins.
, An Asn tRNA has all of the following elements in its folded structure EXCEPT: - Correct
Answers -deoxyribose sugars
Which of the following, if missing, would usually prevent translation from initiating in
prokaryotes? - Correct Answers -a ribosome binding sequence.
When does the termination of translation take place? - Correct Answers -A stop codon
is reached.
Which compound is removed from the Calvin Cycle and converted into glucose? -
Correct Answers -G3P
Which of the following does NOT occur during the Calvin cycle? - Correct Answers -
release of oxygen
In plant cells, where are ATP synthase complexes located? - Correct Answers -
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
In elongation, the growing peptide chain is transferred from the _____ site in the
ribosome to the ______ site as a new peptide bond is formed - Correct Answers -P; A
Which of the following catalyzes transcription? - Correct Answers -RNA polymerase.
What are prions? - Correct Answers -misfolded versions of normal proteins that can
cause disease.
SDS-PAGE gels are used to study changes in protein primary structure. Which of the
following statements about SDS-PAGE gels is correct? - Correct Answers -Shorter
polypeptides move a longer distance in an SDS-PAGE gel than longer polypeptides.
Misfiling of proteins is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases is not
associated with an accumulation of misfolded proteins? - Correct Answers -Scoliosis
Which of the following would not be found in a mature mRNA in a eukaryotic cell? -
Correct Answers -Promoter.
The enzyme that helps polypeptide chains fold is called a _________. - Correct
Answers -Chaperonin.
An insertion of two nucleotides into a gene: - Correct Answers -alters the reading frame
of the mRNA.
One disease that arises from a known point mutation in a protein is: - Correct Answers -
Sickle cell anemia.
