PSYC230 Exam #1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
are there really 5 senses? - CORRECT ANSWER -no; vision, hearing, smell, taste, light
touch, pressure, cold, heat, pain, itch, vestibular, proprioception
sensation - CORRECT ANSWER -registration of a physical stimulus on sensory
receptors; leads to perception
perception - CORRECT ANSWER -the process of creating conscious perceptual
experience from sensations
neural transduction - CORRECT ANSWER -receptors, transduction, neural response
receptors - CORRECT ANSWER -specialized neural cells
transduction - CORRECT ANSWER -transforming into neural signal
neural response - CORRECT ANSWER -
Aristotle and the 5 senses - CORRECT ANSWER -Aristotle illusion and motion
aftereffect
Aristotle illusion - CORRECT ANSWER -In the illustration, we see two crossed fingers
and a pencil touching in the middle. In this illusion, we feel as if we have been touched by two
pencils rather than one.
motion aftereffect - CORRECT ANSWER -a visual illusion experienced after viewing a
moving visual stimulus for a time with stationary eyes, and then fixating on a stationary stimulus
,Thomas Young - CORRECT ANSWER -colors are coded by three different kinds of nerve
fibers; light is a wave
Johannes Mueller - CORRECT ANSWER -doctrine of specific nerve energies
neural habituation - CORRECT ANSWER -neural responses to stimuli are suppressed
overtime
perceptual aftereffects - CORRECT ANSWER -dedicated neurons "represent" particular
stimulus; neurons get tired; without "full" contribution perception is off
Von Helmholtz - CORRECT ANSWER -perception is constructed from both senses and
cognitive processes; unconscious inference; three basic color receptors
Hering - CORRECT ANSWER -colors are perceived through 2 pairs of opposing colors
(four primary colors, not three); measured speed of neural transmission
Weber's Law - CORRECT ANSWER -the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli
is related to the magnitude or strength of the stimuli (ex. pencil on paper vs. book)
JND - CORRECT ANSWER -larger stimulus = larger JND; smaller stimulus = smaller
JND
Fencher - CORRECT ANSWER -father of psychophysics, the study of relation between
physical stimuli and the perception they elicit
psychophysics - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of the relation between physical stimuli
and perception
Fencher's Law - CORRECT ANSWER -the relationship between physical stimuli and
perception is logarithmic - eventually, perception caps out
, Gestalt psychology - CORRECT ANSWER -the whole is larger than the sum of its parts
Gestalt laws - CORRECT ANSWER -law of proximity, law of common fate, law of
closure, law of similarity, law of good continuation
law of proximity - CORRECT ANSWER -identical elements grouped together by
proximity
law of common fate - CORRECT ANSWER -elements that move in identical fashion are
grouped together
law of closure - CORRECT ANSWER -an object that does not have a signal to close, is
assumed to be (able to) close
law of similarity - CORRECT ANSWER -if all objects are the same distance apart, the
objects more similar are grouped together
law of good continuation - CORRECT ANSWER -perceptual system always assume good
continuation, so even if an object is blocking view, assume what is behind is continual
Gibson and direct perception - CORRECT ANSWER -states an object's image will be
projected into eye (retina) as it is; no need for additional perceptual cues
information processing approach - CORRECT ANSWER -developed with the invention of
a computer; borrows concepts of the computer starting - central processor; stages to understand
peceptions
computational approach - CORRECT ANSWER -information does not flow one way;
messages going both ways; multiple pieces of information being processed at once
Questions and CORRECT Answers
are there really 5 senses? - CORRECT ANSWER -no; vision, hearing, smell, taste, light
touch, pressure, cold, heat, pain, itch, vestibular, proprioception
sensation - CORRECT ANSWER -registration of a physical stimulus on sensory
receptors; leads to perception
perception - CORRECT ANSWER -the process of creating conscious perceptual
experience from sensations
neural transduction - CORRECT ANSWER -receptors, transduction, neural response
receptors - CORRECT ANSWER -specialized neural cells
transduction - CORRECT ANSWER -transforming into neural signal
neural response - CORRECT ANSWER -
Aristotle and the 5 senses - CORRECT ANSWER -Aristotle illusion and motion
aftereffect
Aristotle illusion - CORRECT ANSWER -In the illustration, we see two crossed fingers
and a pencil touching in the middle. In this illusion, we feel as if we have been touched by two
pencils rather than one.
motion aftereffect - CORRECT ANSWER -a visual illusion experienced after viewing a
moving visual stimulus for a time with stationary eyes, and then fixating on a stationary stimulus
,Thomas Young - CORRECT ANSWER -colors are coded by three different kinds of nerve
fibers; light is a wave
Johannes Mueller - CORRECT ANSWER -doctrine of specific nerve energies
neural habituation - CORRECT ANSWER -neural responses to stimuli are suppressed
overtime
perceptual aftereffects - CORRECT ANSWER -dedicated neurons "represent" particular
stimulus; neurons get tired; without "full" contribution perception is off
Von Helmholtz - CORRECT ANSWER -perception is constructed from both senses and
cognitive processes; unconscious inference; three basic color receptors
Hering - CORRECT ANSWER -colors are perceived through 2 pairs of opposing colors
(four primary colors, not three); measured speed of neural transmission
Weber's Law - CORRECT ANSWER -the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli
is related to the magnitude or strength of the stimuli (ex. pencil on paper vs. book)
JND - CORRECT ANSWER -larger stimulus = larger JND; smaller stimulus = smaller
JND
Fencher - CORRECT ANSWER -father of psychophysics, the study of relation between
physical stimuli and the perception they elicit
psychophysics - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of the relation between physical stimuli
and perception
Fencher's Law - CORRECT ANSWER -the relationship between physical stimuli and
perception is logarithmic - eventually, perception caps out
, Gestalt psychology - CORRECT ANSWER -the whole is larger than the sum of its parts
Gestalt laws - CORRECT ANSWER -law of proximity, law of common fate, law of
closure, law of similarity, law of good continuation
law of proximity - CORRECT ANSWER -identical elements grouped together by
proximity
law of common fate - CORRECT ANSWER -elements that move in identical fashion are
grouped together
law of closure - CORRECT ANSWER -an object that does not have a signal to close, is
assumed to be (able to) close
law of similarity - CORRECT ANSWER -if all objects are the same distance apart, the
objects more similar are grouped together
law of good continuation - CORRECT ANSWER -perceptual system always assume good
continuation, so even if an object is blocking view, assume what is behind is continual
Gibson and direct perception - CORRECT ANSWER -states an object's image will be
projected into eye (retina) as it is; no need for additional perceptual cues
information processing approach - CORRECT ANSWER -developed with the invention of
a computer; borrows concepts of the computer starting - central processor; stages to understand
peceptions
computational approach - CORRECT ANSWER -information does not flow one way;
messages going both ways; multiple pieces of information being processed at once
