1 | Page
FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM LATEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
minimum urine output for adult - correct answer- 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - correct answer- - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - correct answer- - hypothalamus senses low
blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum
osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - correct answer- - cardiac
hormone stored in atria
,2 | Page
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing
intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - correct answer- - forces fluids and
solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - correct answer- - pulling force of
albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - correct answer- - replaces normal
ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat,
respiration, stool)
replacement therapy - correct answer- - corrects any existing
water and or electrolyte deficits
,3 | Page
isotonic fluids - correct answer- - tonicity equal to plasma in
the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - correct answer- - lower concentration of
solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL
SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - correct answer- - higher concentration of
solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
, 4 | Page
colloids - correct answer- - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood - correct answer- - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
third spacing - correct answer- - fluid is not lost from the body
but the fluid is not available for use in the intracellular or
extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
can you give platelets through the ranger - correct answer- -
no it will aggregate the platelets
hyponatremia - correct answer- - less than 135 -145
FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM LATEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
minimum urine output for adult - correct answer- 0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - correct answer- - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - correct answer- - hypothalamus senses low
blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum
osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - correct answer- - cardiac
hormone stored in atria
,2 | Page
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing
intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - correct answer- - forces fluids and
solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - correct answer- - pulling force of
albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - correct answer- - replaces normal
ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat,
respiration, stool)
replacement therapy - correct answer- - corrects any existing
water and or electrolyte deficits
,3 | Page
isotonic fluids - correct answer- - tonicity equal to plasma in
the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - correct answer- - lower concentration of
solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL
SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - correct answer- - higher concentration of
solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
, 4 | Page
colloids - correct answer- - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
blood - correct answer- - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
third spacing - correct answer- - fluid is not lost from the body
but the fluid is not available for use in the intracellular or
extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
-
can you give platelets through the ranger - correct answer- -
no it will aggregate the platelets
hyponatremia - correct answer- - less than 135 -145
