How are clinical encounters approached? Both clinician-centered and patient-centered
Initiating the encounter
Gathering information
What is the sequence of the clinical
Performing a physical examination
encounter?
Explaining and planning
Closing the encounter
, Set the stage
Adjust the environment
Review the clinical record
What steps should be taken when initiating
Set your agenda
the encounter?
Greet the patient and establish initial rapport
Identify patient title, name, and preferred gender pronouns
Establish rapport
Establish the agenda for the patient encounter
Invite the patient's story
What steps should be taken during the Gather information about the patient's perspective of illness
gathering information stage? Identify and respond to emotional cues
Gather information regarding the biomedical perspective, background information
and context
The circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, and the
What is a social determinant of health?
systems put in place to deal with illness
set of unconscious beliefs or associations that lead to a negative evaluation of a
What is implicit bias?
person on the basis of their perceived group identity
refers to the attitudes and beliefs we have about a person or group on a conscious
What is explicit bias?
level
Reflect on patterns of emotions and behavior
Pause before beginning and encounter and prepare for potential triggers of bias
What are some skills clinicians can use to Generate alternative hypothesis for biases anchored in behavior
mitigate the impact of bias in their clinical
encounters? Practice universal communication and interpersonal skills
Explore your patients' identities
Explore your patients' experience of bias
A process that requires humility as individuals continually engage in self-reflection
What is cultural humility?
and self-critique as lifelong learners and reflective practitioners
Self-awareness
What are the three dimensions of cultural
Respectful communication
humility?
Collaborative partnerships
The capability to communicate a choice
Understand the relevant information
What elements constitute decisional
capacity?
Appreciate the situation and consequences
Reason about treatment options
Carefully attending to what the patient is communicating, connecting to the patient's
What is active listening? emotional state, and using verbal and nonverbal skills to encourage the patient to
expand on his or her feelings and concerns.