NUR 256 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
pulmonary embolism clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
sudden chest pain, dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, also may have cough,
pulmonary embolism symptoms
tachycardia, fever, diaphoresis, anxiety, & possible syncope, hx of DVT
, -Chest x-ray
-ECG
-Peripheral vascular studies
pulmonary embolism diagnostics -ABGs
-D-dimer
-Ventilation-perfusion scan
-CT
Maintain the airway, Support breathing, High-flow O2 or assist ventilations as
pulmonary embolism management indicated. Intubation may be indicated. Establish IV access, Monitor vital signs
closely. Transport to appropriate facility.
Secondary high blood pressure secondary to another disease such as kidney disease
primary high blood pressure unidentified cause
HTN modifiable risk factors high Na, low K, alcohol, smoking, DM, HLD, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet
psychosocial stress, pre-term birth, low birth wt., CKD, family history, age, poverty,
HTN non-modifiable risk factors
male sex, obstructive sleep apnea
HTN diagnosis BP >130/80 on 2 separate occasions within 6 months
-The number one cause of stroke (cerebrovascular accident- CVA) is nonadherence
HTN education
to antihypertensive medications.
heart:
LVH, AMI, atherosclerosis
CNS:
intracerebral hematoma from CHARCOT BOUCHARD aneurysms, BERRY
ANEURYSM (SAH), small LACUNAR infarcts (from hyaline arteriosclerosis)
HTN complications
renal:
nephrosclerosis, hyaline ateriosclerosis, tubular atrophy, malignant htn (renal fail +
cerebral edema)
eyes:
hypertensive retinopathy (copper/silver wiring), AV nicking, hemorrhage, exudates,
papilledema
ischemic stroke a type of stroke that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked
hemmorragic stroke A type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain.
-Metabolic Acidosis
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (-zolamide)
-Hypokalemia
Osmotic Diuretic (mannitol) Massive fluid shifts
Thiazide (-thiazide) hypokalemia
Loop Diuretics Hypokalemia - Potassium wasting
Potassium Sparing hyperkalemia
-Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol cause elevation in LDL and total cholesterol.
-Age-Cholesterol levels increase with age until approximately age 65. The
increase is greatest during early adulthood-about 2 mg/dL per year.
-Inactive lifestyle, abdominal obesity
hyperlipidemia risk factors
-Family history of hyperlipidemia
-Gender-Men generally have higher cholesterol levels than do women; when
women reach menopause, cholesterol levels then equalize and may even be higher
in women than in men.
pulmonary embolism clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
sudden chest pain, dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, also may have cough,
pulmonary embolism symptoms
tachycardia, fever, diaphoresis, anxiety, & possible syncope, hx of DVT
, -Chest x-ray
-ECG
-Peripheral vascular studies
pulmonary embolism diagnostics -ABGs
-D-dimer
-Ventilation-perfusion scan
-CT
Maintain the airway, Support breathing, High-flow O2 or assist ventilations as
pulmonary embolism management indicated. Intubation may be indicated. Establish IV access, Monitor vital signs
closely. Transport to appropriate facility.
Secondary high blood pressure secondary to another disease such as kidney disease
primary high blood pressure unidentified cause
HTN modifiable risk factors high Na, low K, alcohol, smoking, DM, HLD, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet
psychosocial stress, pre-term birth, low birth wt., CKD, family history, age, poverty,
HTN non-modifiable risk factors
male sex, obstructive sleep apnea
HTN diagnosis BP >130/80 on 2 separate occasions within 6 months
-The number one cause of stroke (cerebrovascular accident- CVA) is nonadherence
HTN education
to antihypertensive medications.
heart:
LVH, AMI, atherosclerosis
CNS:
intracerebral hematoma from CHARCOT BOUCHARD aneurysms, BERRY
ANEURYSM (SAH), small LACUNAR infarcts (from hyaline arteriosclerosis)
HTN complications
renal:
nephrosclerosis, hyaline ateriosclerosis, tubular atrophy, malignant htn (renal fail +
cerebral edema)
eyes:
hypertensive retinopathy (copper/silver wiring), AV nicking, hemorrhage, exudates,
papilledema
ischemic stroke a type of stroke that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked
hemmorragic stroke A type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain.
-Metabolic Acidosis
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (-zolamide)
-Hypokalemia
Osmotic Diuretic (mannitol) Massive fluid shifts
Thiazide (-thiazide) hypokalemia
Loop Diuretics Hypokalemia - Potassium wasting
Potassium Sparing hyperkalemia
-Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol cause elevation in LDL and total cholesterol.
-Age-Cholesterol levels increase with age until approximately age 65. The
increase is greatest during early adulthood-about 2 mg/dL per year.
-Inactive lifestyle, abdominal obesity
hyperlipidemia risk factors
-Family history of hyperlipidemia
-Gender-Men generally have higher cholesterol levels than do women; when
women reach menopause, cholesterol levels then equalize and may even be higher
in women than in men.
